Religion and the Rise of Capitalism

xml:lang="la">Quod ad maiores natu spectat, a nobis quotannis repetitur inspectio cuiusque familiæ. Distribuimus inter nos urbis regiones, ut ordine singulas decurias executere liceat. Adest ministro comes unus ex senioribus. Illic novi incolæ examinantur. Qui semel recepti sunt, omittuntur; nisi quod requiritur sitne domus pacata et recte composita, num lites cum vicinis, num qua ebrietas, num pigri sint et ignari ad conciones frequentendas” (quoted by Wiskemann, Dartstellung der in Deutschland zur Zeit der Reformation herrschenden Nationalökonomischen Ansichten, 1861, p. 80 n.). For his condemnation of indiscriminate almsgiving, see ibid., p. 79 n. ↩

De non habendo Pauperum Delectu (1523), and De Erogatione Eleemosynarum (1524). See K. R. Hagenbach, Johann Oekolampad und Oswald Myconius, die Reformatoren Basels, 1859, p. 46. ↩

Carl Pestallozzi, Heinrich Bullinger, Leben und ausgewählte Schriften, 1858, pp. 50⁠–⁠1, 122⁠–⁠5, 340⁠–⁠2. ↩

Wiskemann, Dartstellung der in Deutschland zur Zeit der Reformation herrschenden Nationalökonomischen Ansichten, 1861, pp. 70⁠–⁠4. ↩

Quoted by Preserved Smith, The Age of the Reformation, 1921, p. 174. ↩

Calvin, Inst., bk. IV, ch. XII, par. 1. ↩

Printed in Paul Henry, Das Leben Johann Calvins, vol. II, 1838, Appx., pp. 26⁠–⁠41. ↩

R. Christoffel, Zwingli, or the Rise of the Reformation in Switzerland, trans. by John Cochran, 1858, pp. 159⁠–⁠60. ↩

Printed in Paul Henry, Das Leben Johann Calvins, vol. II, Appx., pp. 23⁠–⁠5. ↩

E. Choisy, L’Etat Chrétien Calviniste à Genève au temps de Théodore de Bèze, 1902, p. 145. I should like to make acknowledgments to this excellent book for most of the matter contained in the following paragraphs. ↩

Paul Henry, Das Leben Johann Calvins, vol. II, pp. 70⁠–⁠5. Other examples are given by Preserved Smith, The Age of the Reformation, 1921, pp. 170⁠–⁠4, and by F. W. Kampschulte, Johann Calvin, seine Kirche und sein Staat in Genf, 1869. Statistical estimates of the bloodthirstiness of Calvin’s regime vary; Smith (p. 171) states that in Geneva, a town of 16,000 inhabitants, 58 persons were executed and 76 banished in the years 1542⁠–⁠6. ↩

Knox, quoted by Preserved Smith, The Age of the Reformation, 1921, p. 174. ↩

Calvin, Inst., bk. III, ch. VII, par. 5. ↩

Choisy, L’Etat Chrétien Calviniste à Genève au temps de Théodore de Bèze, 1902, pp. 442⁠–⁠3. ↩

Choisy, L’Etat Chrétien Calviniste à Genève au temps de Théodore de Bèze, 1902, pp. 35⁠–⁠37. ↩

Choisy, L’Etat Chrétien Calviniste à Genève au temps de Théodore de Bèze, 1902, pp. 189, 117⁠–⁠19. ↩

Choisy, L’Etat Chrétien Calviniste à Genève au temps de Théodore de Bèze, 1902, pp. 35, 165⁠–⁠7. ↩

Choisy, L’Etat Chrétien Calviniste à Genève au temps de Théodore de Bèze, 1902, pp. 119⁠–⁠21. ↩

Choisy, L’Etat Chrétien Calviniste à Genève au temps de Théodore de Bèze, 1902, pp. 189⁠–⁠94. ↩

Paul Henry, Das Leben Johann Calvins, vol. II, p. 70 n. ↩

See the description of the Church given in Calvin, Inst., bk. IV, ch. I, par. 4: “Quia nunc de ecclesia visibili disserere propositum est, discamus vel matris elogio, quam utilis sit nobis eius cognitio, immo necessaria, quando non alius est in vitam ingressus nisi nos ipsa concipiat in utero, nisi pariat, nisi nos alat suis uberibus, denique sub custodia et gubernatione sua nos tueatur, donec excuti carne mortali, similes erimus angelis. Neque enim patitur nostra infirmitas a schola nos dimitti, donec toto vitæ cursu discipuli fuerimus. Adde quod extra eius gremium nulla est speranda peccatorum remissio nec ulla salus.” ↩

John Quick, Synodicon in Gallia Reformata: Or the Acts, Decisions, Decrees and Canons of Those Famous National Councils of the Reformed Churches in France, 1692, vol. I, p. 99. ↩

John Quick, Synodicon in Gallia Reformata: Or the Acts, Decisions, Decrees and Canons of Those Famous National Councils of the Reformed Churches in France, 1692, vol. I, p. 9 (pirates and fraudulent tradesmen), pp. 25, 34, 38, 79, 140, 149 (interest and usury), p. 70 (false merchandize and selling of stretched cloth), p. 99 (reasonable profits), pp. 162, 204 (investment of money for the benefit of the poor), pp. 194, 213 (lotteries). ↩

The Buke of Discipline, in Works of John Knox, ed. D. Laing, vol. II, 1848, p. 227. ↩

Scottish History Soc., St. Andrews Kirk Session Register, ed. D. H. Fleming, 1889⁠–⁠90, vol. I, p. 309; vol. II, p. 822. ↩

W. B. Weeden, Economic and Social History of New England, 1890, vol. I, p. 11. The words are Governor Bradford’s. ↩

Winthrop’s Journal “History of New England,” 1630⁠–⁠49, ed. J. K. Hosmer, 1908, vol. I, pp. 134, 325; vol. II, p. 20. ↩

Weeden, Economic and Social History of New England, 1890, vol. I, pp. 125, 58. ↩

Winthrop’s Journal “History of New England,” 1630⁠–⁠49, ed. J. K. Hosmer, 1908, vol. II, p. 20. ↩

J. A. Doyle, The English in America, vol. II, 1887, p. 57; the price of cattle “must not be judged by urgent necessity, but by reasonable profit.” ↩