Religion and the Rise of Capitalism

fault be committed he saith the fault is in his man and not in himselfe, and he sayeth he will give charge and take care that no oppression shall be made nor offence committed this way hereafter, humbly praying the judge for favour to be dismissed, unde dominus monuit eum that thereafter neither by himselfe nor his servant he offende in the lyke nor suffer any such oppression to be committed, et cum hac monitione eum dimisit. ↩

S.P.D. Eliz., vol. LXXV, no. 54. ↩

For an account of these expedients see my introduction to Wilson’s Discourse Upon Usury, 1925, pp. 123⁠–⁠8. ↩

Richard Hooker, The Laws of Ecclesiastical Policy, bk. VIII, chap. I, par. 5. ↩

Acts of the Privy Council, vol. XXVII, 1597, p. 129. ↩

The Stiffkey Papers (ed. H. W. Saunders, Royal Historical Society, Camden Third Series, vol. XXVI, 1915), p. 140. ↩

Quoted by E. M. Leonard, The Early History of English Poor Relief, 1900, p. 148. ↩

For an account of the treatment of exchange business under Elizabeth, see Wilson, Discourse Upon Usury, 1925, Introduction, pp. 146⁠–⁠54. ↩

For references see Wilson, Discourse Upon Usury, 1925, Introduction, pp. 164⁠–⁠5; and Les Reportes del Cases in Camera Stellata, 1593⁠–⁠1609, ed. W. P. Baildon, 1894, pp. 235⁠–⁠7. The latter book contains several instances of intervention by the Star Chamber in cases of engrossing of corn (pp. 71, 76⁠–⁠7, 78⁠–⁠9, 91) and of enclosure and depopulation (pp. 49⁠–⁠52, 164⁠–⁠5, 192⁠–⁠3, 247, 346⁠–⁠7). ↩

A Discourse of the Common Weal of This Realm of England, ed. E. Lamond, 1893, p. 14. ↩

The Works of William Laud, D.D., ed. Wm. Scott, vol. I, 1847, p. 6. ↩

The Works of William Laud, D.D., ed. Wm. Scott, vol. I, 1847, p. 64. ↩

The Works of William Laud, D.D., ed. Wm. Scott, vol. I, 1847, pp. 89, 138. ↩

The Works of William Laud, D.D., ed. Wm. Scott, vol. I, 1847, p. 167. ↩

The Works of William Laud, D.D., ed. Wm. Scott, vol. I, 1847, pp. 28⁠–⁠9. ↩

Gonner, Common Land and Enclosure, 1912, pp. 166⁠–⁠7. For the activity of the Government from 1629 to 1640, see Tawney, The Agrarian Problem in the Sixteenth Century, pp. 376, 391, and E. M. Leonard, The Inclosure of Common Fields in the Seventeenth Century, in Trans. Royal Hist. Soc., N.S., vol. XIX, pp. 101 seqq. ↩

Letter to Dr. Gilbert Sheldon, Warden of All Souls (in Laud’s Works, vol. VI, pt. II, p. 520): “One thing more I must tell you, that, though I did you this favour, to make stay of the hearing till your return, yet for the business itself, I can show you none; partly because I am a great hater of depopulations in any kind, as being one of the greatest mischiefs in this kingdom, and of very ill example from a college, or college tenant”; Clarendon, History of the Rebellion, bk. I, par. 204. ↩

S.P.D. Chas. I, vol. CCCCXCIX, no. 10 (printed in Tawney, The Agrarian Problem in the Sixteenth Century, pp. 420⁠–⁠1); and Lords’ Journals, vol. VI, p. 468b (March 13, 1643⁠–⁠4), Articles against Laud: “Then Mr. Talbot upon oath deposed how the Archbishop did oppose the law in the business of inclosures and depopulations; how, when the law was desired to be pleaded for the right of land, he bid them ‘Go plead law in inferior Courts, they should not plead it before him’; and that the Archbishop did fine him for that business two hundred pounds for using the property of his freehold, and would not suffer the law to be pleaded.” ↩

Leonard, The Early History of English Poor Relief, pp. 150⁠–⁠64; Unwin, Industrial Organization in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, 1904, pp. 142⁠–⁠7. ↩

R. R. Reid, The King’s Council in the North, 1921, pp. 412, 413 n. ↩

Camden Soc., N.S., vol. XXXIX, 1886, Cases in the Courts of Star Chamber and High Commission, ed. S. R. Gardiner, p. 46. For another case of engrossing of corn, see ibid., pp. 82⁠–⁠9. ↩

Tawney, “The Assessment of Wages in England by the Justices of the Peace,” in Vierteljahrschrift für Sozial- und Wirthschaftsgeschichte, Bd. XI, 1913, pp. 551⁠–⁠4; Leonard, The Early History of English Poor Relief, p. 157. ↩

The Works of William Laud, ed. Wm. Scott, vol. VI, 1857, pt. I, p. 191. (Answer to Lord Saye and Sele’s speech upon the Bill about Bishops’ Powers in Civil Affairs and Courts of Judicature.) ↩

The Works of William Laud, ed. Wm. Scott, vol. I, pp. 5⁠–⁠6. ↩

Harrington, Works, 1700 ed., pp. 69 (“Oceana”) and 388⁠–⁠9 (“The Art of Law-giving”). ↩

G. Malynes, Lex Mercatoria, 1622. The same simile had been used much earlier in A Discourse of the Common Weal of This Realm of England, ed. E. Lamond, p. 98. ↩

D’Ewes, Journals, p. 674; and 39 Eliz., c. 2. ↩

For criticisms of price control see Tawney and Power, Tudor Economic Documents, vol. III,