Roger Williams, The Bloudy Tenent of Persecution, 1644, chap. LV. ↩
Winthrop’s Journal “History of New England,” 1630–49, ed. J. K. Hosmer, 1908, vol. I, pp. 315–18. A similar set of rules as to the conduct of the Christian in trade are given by Bunyan in The Life and Death of Mr. Badman, 1905 ed., pp. 118–22. ↩
I owe this phrase to the excellent book of J. T. Adams, The Founding of New England. ↩
J. Rossus, Historia Regum Angliæ (ed. T. Hearne). ↩
4 Hen. VII, c. 19; 6 Hen. VIII, c. 5; 7 Hen. VIII, c. 1; 25 Hen. VIII, c. 13. For the Commission of 1517 see Leadam, The Domesday of Enclosures. ↩
For examples see J. S. Schapiro, Social Reform and the Reformation, pp. 60–1, 65, 67, 70–1. ↩
More, Utopia, p. 32 (Pitt Press ed., 1879): “Noblemen and gentlemen, yea and certeyne abbottes, holy men no doubt … leave no grounde for tillage, thei enclose al into pastures.” For a case of claiming a bondman see Selden Society, vol. XVI, 1903, Select Cases in the Court of Star Chamber, pp. cxxiii-cxxix, 118–29 (Carter v. the Abbott of Malmesbury); for conversion of copyholds to tenancies at will, Selden Society, vol. XII, 1898, Select Cases in the Court of Requests, pp. lix-lxv, 64–101 (Kent and other inhabitants of Abbot’s Ripton v. St. John; the change was alleged to have been made in 1471). ↩
A. Savine, English Monasteries on the Eve of the Dissolution (Oxford Studies in Social and Legal History, ed. P. Vinogradoff, vol. I, 1909, p. 100), estimates the net temporal income of English monasteries in 1535 at £109,736, and the net income from all sources at £136,361. These figures require to be multiplied by at least 12 to convert them into terms of modern money. An estimate of the capital value which they represent can only be a guess, but it can hardly have been less (in terms of modern money) than £20,000,000. ↩
For the status and payments of grantees, see the figures of Savine, printed in H. A. L. Fisher, The Political History of England, 1485–1547, Appx. II: the low price paid by peers is particularly striking. The best study is that of S. B. Liljegren, The Fall of the Monasteries and the Social Changes in England Leading Up to the Great Revolution (1924), which shows in detail (pp. 118–25) the activities of speculators. ↩
Star Chamber Proc., Hen. VIII, vol. VI, no. 181, printed in Tawney and Power, Tudor Economic Documents, vol. I, pp. 19–29. ↩
Selden Society, Select Cases in the Court of Requests, pp. lviii-lxix, 198–200. ↩
Quoted by F. A. Gasquet, Henry the Eighth and the English Monasteries, 1920, pp. 227–8. ↩
See, e.g., The Obedience of a Christian Man (in Tyndale’s Doctrinal Treatises, Parker Society, 1848), p. 231, where the treatment of the poor by the early Church is cited as an example; and “Policies to reduce this Realme of Englande unto a Prosperus Wealthe and Estate,” 1549 (printed in Tawney and Power, Tudor Economic Documents, vol. III, pp. 311–45): “Like as we suffered our selfes to be ignorant of the trewe worshipping of God, even so God kepte from us the right knowledge how to reforme those inconveniences which we did see before our eyes to tende unto the utter Desolation of the Realme. But now that the trew worshepping of Gode is … so purely and sincerely sett forthe, it is likewise to be trusted that God … will use the kinges maiestie and your grace to be also his ministres in plucking up by the roots all the cawses and occasions of this foresaid Decaye and Desolation.” ↩
Bucer, De Regno Christi. ↩
A. F. Leach, The Schools of Mediæval England, 1915, p. 331. He goes on: “The contrasts between one grammar school to every 5,625 people, and that presented by the Schools Inquiry Report in 1864 of one to every 23,750 people … is not to the disadvantage of our pre-Reformation ancestors.” For details of the Edwardian spoliation, see the same author’s English Schools at the Reformation, 1546–8 (1896). ↩
See Acts of the Privy Council, vol. II, pp. 193–5 (1548); in response to protests from the members for Lynn and Coventry, the gild lands of those cities are regranted to them. ↩
Crowley, The Way to Wealth, in Select Works of Robert Crowley, ed. J. M. Cowper (Early English Text Society, 1872, pp. 129–150). ↩
Crowley, The Way to Wealth, in Select Works of Robert Crowley, ed. J. M. Cowper (Early English Text Society, 1872, pp. 129–150) and Epigrams (in ibid., pp. 1–51). ↩
Becon, The Jewel of Joy, 1553: “They abhore the names of Monkes, Friers, Chanons, Nonnes, etc., but their goodes they gredely gripe. And yet where the cloysters kept hospitality, let out their fermes at a resonable price, norished scholes, brought up youth in good letters, they do none of all these thynges.” ↩
Thomas Lever, Sermons, 1550 (English Reprints, ed. E. Arber, 1895), p. 32. The same charge is repeated in subsequent sermons. ↩
F. W. Russell, Kett’s Rebellion in Norfolk, 1859, p. 202. For Somerset’s policy and the revolt of the gentry against it, see Tawney, The Agrarian Problem in the
