Leningrad

des Vernichtungskrieges 1941–1944, p. 310.

20 Hugh Trevor-Roper, ed., Hitler’s Table Talk, 1941–44, pp. 39–40.

21 Burdick and Jacobsen, eds, Franz Halder, The Halder War Diary, p. 458.

22 Bundesarchiv/Militararchiv: RW4/v. 578, bl. 144–146. Given in Verbrechen der Wehrmacht, pp. 312–14.

23 Bundesarchiv/Militararchiv: RM7/1014, bl. 39–41. Given in Verbrechen der Wehrmacht, pp. 315–17.

24 Trevor-Roper, ed., Table Talk, p. 44.

25 ‘The Fuhrer’s Decision on Leningrad’, transmitted by naval command to Army Group North, 29 September 1941. Tagebuch der Seekriegsleitung, quoted in Max Domarus, Hitler Reden und Proklamationen 1932–1945, vol. 4, Mundelein, 2000, p. 1755.

26 Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb, Tagebuchaufzeichnungen und Lagebeurteilungen aus zwei Weltkriegen, Stuttgart, 1976, p. 373 (12 October 1941), in Verbrechen der Wehrmacht, p. 318.

27 Army Group North war diary 27 October 1941, Verbrechen der Wehrmacht, p. 12. Notes to Pages 136–150

28 Fuhrer Directive no. 35, 6 September 1941. In Hugh Trevor-Roper, ed., Hitler’s War Directives, 1938–1945.

29 Michael Jones, Leningrad: State of Siege, p. 33.

30 For more on Halder’s post-war career see Ronald Smelser and Edward Davies, The Myth of the Eastern Front: The Nazi-Soviet War in American Popular Culture.

Chapter 7: ‘To Our Last Heartbeat’

1 Lyubov Shaporina, 8 September 1941, in Cynthia Simmons and Nina Perlina, eds, Writing the Siege of Leningrad: Women’s Diaries, Memoirs and Documentary Prose, p. 23.

2 MPVO report of 9 September 1941, in Andrei Dzeniskevich, ed., Leningrad v osade: sbornik dokumentov, p. 364.

3 The first artillery shells reached the suburbs on 4 September, and the first bomb on the 6th, unnoticed by most Leningraders. The date of the first full-scale raid was 8 September.

4 Nikolai Sokolov, ‘Tyoplaya vanna dlya begemota: zoosad v gody voiny’, Rodina, 1, 2003, p. 153.

5 Olga Berggolts, ‘Blokadniy dnevnik’, Zvezda, 4, April 1991, p. 130 (8–9 September 1941).

6 Leon Goure, The Siege of Leningrad, pp. 101–2.

7 Unpublished manuscript, in possession of the diarist’s family.

8 Vladimir Garshin, ‘Tam, gde smert pomogayet zhizni’, Arkhiv Patologii, vol. 46, no. 5, 1984, p. 84.

9 Berggolts, ‘Blokadniy dnevnik’, Zvezda, 4, April 1991, p. 131 (12 September 1941).

10 Lidiya Ginzburg, Blockade Diary, p. 24.

11 Vera Inber, The Siege of Leningrad, pp. 23–4, 27 (20 and 26 September 1941).

12 Olga Grechina, ‘Spasayus spasaya chast 1; pogibelnaya zima (1941–1942 gg.)’, Neva, 1, 1994, pp. 227–31.

13 Harrison Salisbury, The 900 Days: The Siege of Leningrad, pp. 304, 336.

14 TsGAIPD SPb: Fond 2281, op. 1, delo 27, pp. 2–4.

15 Ales Adamovich and Daniil Granin, A Book of the Blockade, p. 282.

16 Stanislav Bernev and Nikita Lomagin, eds, Arkhiv Bolshogo Doma: Plan ‘D’. The book contains facsimiles of relevant documents from the FSB archive.

17 Goure, The Siege of Leningrad, p. 99.

18 For the dismissal of A. P. Rovinsky of the Red Chemist plant, see RGASPI: Fond 17, op. 22, delo 1643, p. 97. For that of A. I. Volkov, director of the ‘Forward’ plant, see ibid., p. 101. Notes to Pages 150–160

19 RGASPI: Fond 17, op. 43, delo 1137, p. 68.

20 TsGAIPD SPb: Fond 24, op. 26, delo 5760.

21 Inber, The Siege of Leningrad, p. 19 (16 September 1941).

22 Nikita Lomagin, Soldiers at War: German Propaganda and Soviet Army Morale during the Battle of Leningrad 1941–44, Carl Beck Papers, 1306, p. 14.

23 Irina Reznikova (Flige), ‘Repressii v period blokady Leningrada’, Vestnik ‘Memoriala’ 4/5 (10/11), 1995, p. 102.

24 Richard Bidlack, ‘The Political Mood in Leningrad during the First Year of the Soviet-German War’, The Russian Review, 59 (January 2000), pp. 102–3.

25 For a vivid description of Moscow’s bolshoi drap, see Rodric Braithwaite, Moscow 1941: A City and its People at War, pp. 244–55.

26 Salisbury, 900 Days, p. 352, and Michael Jones, Leningrad: State of Siege, p. 135.

27 Goure, The Siege of Leningrad, p. 183; RGASPI: Fond 558, op. 11, yed. khr. 492, p. 55.

28 RGASPI: Fond 558, op.11, yed. khr. 492, p. 60.

29 N. Voronov, ‘V trudnye vremena’, Voyenno-istoricheskiy zhurnal no. 9, 1961, pp. 71–2.

30 RGASPI: Fond 558, op. 11, yed. khr. 492, p. 64.

31 RGASPI: Fond 77, op. 3, delo 126, p. 9. Also TsAMO: Fond 96a, op. 2011, delo 5, pp. 138–40.

32 TsAMO: Fond 96a, op. 2011, delo 5, pp. 138–40.

33 RGASPI: Fond 77, op. 4, delo 48, p. 51.

34 See for example a letter from Kuznetsov to Stalin of 8 November 1941. RGASPI: Fond 77, op. 4, delo 48, pp. 51, 54.

35 RGASPI: Fond 77, op. 3, delo 126, p. 24. Also TsAMO: Fond 113a, op. 3272, delo 3, pp. 166–71.

Chapter 8: 125 Grams

1 Marina Starodubtseva (nee Yerukhmanova), Krugovorot vremeni i sudby: vospominaniya. The manuscript was written in the late 1970s and is held by the Starodubtsev family. Chapter 7, pp. 506–17, covers the author’s siege experiences.

2 See Nikita Lomagin, Neizvestnaya blokada, vol. 2, doc. 7, p. 34, and Dmitri Pavlov, Leningrad 1941: The Blockade, p. 48.

3 Lomagin, Neizvestnaya blokada, vol. 2, p. 191.

4 Pavlov, Leningrad 1941, p. 49. Notes to Pages 161–171

5 Ibid., p. 31.

6 Ales Adamovich and Daniil Granin, A Book of the Blockade, p. 348.

7 Pavlov, Leningrad 1941, pp. 51–3.

8 Starodubtseva, Krugovorot vremena i sudby: vospominaniya, p. 510.

9 Leningrad oblast ispolkom order of 3 November 1941. RGASPI: Fond 17, op. 43, delo 1137, p. 8.

10 Andrei Dzeniskevich, ed., Leningrad v osade: sbornik dokumentov, doc. 20, pp. 188–90.

11 Ibid., pp. 111–12.

12 Pavlov, Leningrad 1941, p. 64.

13 Quoted in ibid., p. 66.

14 See the fascinating chapters on the Solovetsky camps in Anne Applebaum’s Gulag: A History of the Soviet Camps, pp. 40–72.

15 Vasili Grossman, Life and Fate, p. 465.

16 Alexander Werth, Russia at War, 1941–1945, p. 188.

17 Pavlov, Leningrad 1941, p. 55.