Leningrad

vol. 2, doc. 74, p. 319. See also a report by the military prosecutor A. I. Panfilenko to Kuznetsov, 21 February 1942. Dzeniskevich, ed., Leningrad v osade, doc. 180, p. 421.

29 NKVD report to Zhdanov, 2 May 1942. Lomagin, Neizvestnaya blokada, vol. 2, doc. 73, p. 316.

30 See Andrei Dzeniskevich, ‘Banditizm (osobaya kategoriya) v blokirovannom Leningrade’, Istoriya Peterburga, 1, 2001, p. 50.

31 Report to Beria from Kubatkin, 24 December 1941, in Lomagin, Neizvestnaya blokada, vol. 2, doc. 60, p. 264.

32 Reports to Beria from Kubatkin, 13 March, April and 2 July 1942. Lomagin, Neizvestnaya blokada, vol. 2, docs 69, 70 and 76, pp. 306, 310, 325–6.

33 NKVD report to Beria and Zhdanov, 28–29 January 1942. Ibid., doc. 64, p. 282.

34 Report to Beria from Kubatkin, 23 February 1942. Ibid., doc. 67, p. 297.

35 NKVD report to Zhdanov, March 1942, ibid., doc. 68, p. 302.

36 Lazarev, ‘Vospominaniya o blokade’, Trudy Gosudarstvennogo Muzeya Istorii Sankt- Peterburga, vol. 5, pp. 205–6.

37 Dzeniskevich, ‘Banditizm’, p. 50. Report by military prosecutor A. I. Panfilenko to Kuznetsov, 21 February 1942, in Dzeniskevich, ed., Leningrad v osade, doc. 180, p. 422. Notes to Pages 290– 297

38 Dzeniskevich, ‘Banditizm’, pp. 50–51.

39 Reports from Kubatkin to Beria and Merkulov, 10 and 23 February 1942. Lomagin, Neizvestnaya blokada, vol. 2, docs 65 and 67, pp. 286, 292.

40 Report to Zhdanov from Kubatkin, 2 June 1942, ibid., doc. 75, p. 323. This conflicts with a prosecutor’s report of 1 July 1943, according to which 1,700 people had been convicted of ‘special category banditry’, of whom 364 had been executed and 1,336 sentenced to imprisonment (Dzeniskevich, ed., Leningrad v osade, doc. 195, table on p. 461).

Chapter 16: Anton Ivanovich is Angry

1 Ales Adamovich and Daniil Granin, A Book of the Blockade, p. 65. See also Leon Goure, The Siege of Leningrad, p. 190.

2 Reports from the 18th Army to the OKW, 7 and 19 October 1941, in Nikita Lomagin, Neizvestnaya blokada, vol. 2, docs 13 and 19, pp. 127, 139.

3 Air defence workers were said to have formed ‘opposition groups’. SD reports, 24 October and 7 November 1941, ibid., docs 30 and 31, pp. 161, 164. On Soviet POWs, see Evan Mawdsley, Thunder in the East: The Nazi-Soviet War 1941–1945, pp. 103–5.

4 SD report of 18 February 1941, in Lomagin, Neizvestnaya blokada, vol. 2, doc. 39, pp. 196–7.

5 NKVD report to Zhdanov, 28–29 January 1942, ibid., doc. 64, p. 280.

6 See for example a table from 1939, in Lomagin, Neizvestnaya blokada, vol. 1, doc. 7, p. 14.

7 Georgi Knyazev, 9 November 1941, in Adamovich and Granin, A Book of the Blockade,pp. 323—4.

8 Irina Zelenskaya, 1 September 1941, in ‘Ya nye sdamsya do poslednego. .’: zapiski iz blokadnogo Leningrada, St Petersburg, 2010, p. 20.

9 Anna Ostroumova-Lebedeva, 6 July 1941, in Cynthia Simmons and Nina Perlina, eds, Writing the Siege: Women’s Diaries, Memoirs and Documentary Prose, pp. 27–8.

10 Quoted in an NKVD report to Zhdanov of December 1941, in Lomagin, Neizvestnaya blokada, vol. 2, doc. 62, p. 271.

11 Vera Inber, Leningrad Diary, p. 37 (25 December 1941).

12 Ivan Zhilinsky, ‘Blokadniy dnevnik’, Voprosy istorii, 5–7, part 1, p. 21 (2 January 1942). Notes to Pages 298–303

13 Reports to Zhdanov from the ‘organisers’ and ‘instructors’ departments of the City Party Committee, 9 and 27 January 1942. TsGAIPD SPb: Fond 24, op. 2v, delo 5760.

14 Richard Bidlack, ‘The Political Mood in Leningrad during the First Year of the Soviet-German War’, The Russian Review, 59 (January 2000), pp. 110–11.

15 NKVD report to Beria and Zhdanov, 28–29 January 1942, in Lomagin, Neizvestnaya blokada, vol. 2, doc. 64, p. 278.

16 Reports to Zhdanov from the ‘organisers’ department’ of the City Party Committee, 14 and 27 January 1942. TsGAIPD SPb: Fond 24, op. 2v, delo 5760. Andrei Dzeniskevich, ed., Leningrad v osade: sbornik dokumentov, doc. 199, p. 472.

17 Report to Leningrad NKVD head Kubatkin, 12 February 1942, in Lomagin, Neizvestnaya blokada, vol. 2, doc. 66, p. 290.

18 NKVD report to Beria and Zhdanov, 28–29 January 1942, ibid., doc. 64, p. 278.

19 Report to the head of the SD from Einssatzgruppe A, stationed in Krasnogvardeisk, 10 December 1941, ibid., doc. 35, p. 179.

20 Vasili Yershov, untitled typescript, Research Program on the USSR, Bakhmeteff Archive, Columbia University, p. 77.

21 NKVD report to Zhdanov, 12 January 1942, in Lomagin, Neizvestnaya blokada, vol. 2, doc. 63, p. 274.

22 NKVD report to Beria and Zhdanov, 28–29 January 1942, ibid., doc. 64, p. 285.

23 Report from Leningrad NKVD head Kubatkin to Alexander Kuznetsov, 12 December 1943, ibid., doc. 15, pp. 57–60. See also Michael Jones, Leningrad: State of Siege, pp. 286–8. A report of November 1941 mentions that letters have been sent to the leadership threatening strikes and demonstrations unless rations are increased. See Lomagin, Neizvestnaya blokada, vol. 2, doc. 53, pp. 243–4.

Chapter 17: The Big House

1 In his foreword to one of the best post-war studies, Leon Goure’s The Siege of Leningrad. Goure, like the BBC journalist Alexander Werth, was born Russian. His Menshevik family fled the Revolution to Berlin, and the Third Reich to Paris and later New Jersey, where Leon joined the US Army and received citizenship for the first time in his life. He fought in the Battle of the Bulge and after the war worked as an interpreter for the occupying forces in Germany, before making a career in the Rand Corporation and academia. He died in 2007, at the age of eighty-five. Notes to Pages 303–308

2 Rimma Neratova, quoted in Lisa Kirschenbaum, The Legacy of the Siege of Leningrad, 1941– 1995: Myth, Memories, and Monuments, p. 34.

3 An NKVD report of 1 July 1943 states that 80 per cent of convictions to date for counter-revolutionary crimes took place in the first year of the war. Nikita Lomagin, Neizvestnaya blokada, vol. 2, doc. 195, p. 453.

4 See Irina Reznikova (Flige), ‘Repressii v period blokady Leningrada’, Vestnik ‘Memoriala’ 4/5 (10/11), 1995, pp. 95–7; NKVD reports of 6 November and mid-December 1941, in Lomagin, Neizvestnaya blokada, vol. 2, docs 51 and 58, pp. 232, 259.

5 NKVD report of 1 October 1942. Andrei Dzeniskevich, ed., Leningrad v osade: sbornik dokumentov, doc. 190, p. 441.

6 Military prosecutor’s report, 1 July 1943, ibid., doc. 195, pp. 257–9.

7 Dmitri Likhachev, Reflections on the Russian Soul: A Memoir, pp. 235, 295.

8 Orlando Figes, The Whisperers: Private Life in Stalin’s Russia, pp. 445–6.

9 ‘Blokadniy dnevnik uchitelya Vinokurova A. I.’, in Stanislav Bernev and Sergei Chernov, eds, Arkhiv Bolshogo Doma: blokadniye dnevniki i dokumenty, pp. 236–90.

10 Aleksandr Boldyrev, Osadnaya zapis: blokadniy dnevnik, p. 38 (31 December 1941). Anna Akhmatova’s nickname for the Big House was the ‘Royal Court of Wonderland’.

11 Reznikova (Flige), ‘Repressii’, p. 103. There is also memoir evidence of cannibalism in the Kresty: in a commemorative brochure published to mark the 100th anniversary of the prison’s foundation, a siege survivor