The World Until Yesterday

salt intake, 415–17, 425–28

sugar and carbohydrates intake, 428–29

Westernized, non-communicable diseases and, 413–14, 432–33, 449–50

See also food entries

Dingane, 137

Dingiswayo, 148

Dinka people, 44, 54, 137, 139, 146, 158

disease(s), 292–96, 353, 412, 435

food scarcity and, 299

responses to, 296–98, 339

Western lifestyle adoption and, 411–14, 432–33, 449–50

See also diabetes; hypertension

dispersal and aggregation, 291, 310, 315–16

dispute resolution, 160, 466, plates 15, 16

attribution of fault, 96, 102–3

by fighting, 95

international disputes, 101–2

See also state justice systems; traditional dispute resolution; warfare

divorce, 90–91, 105–6

dowsing, 342, 350–51, plate 46

Driver, Daniel, 98, 109

drowning, 281

Dugum Dani people. See Dani people

Durkheim, Emile, 327 table, 328

Dwyer, Michael, 57

Eaton, S. Boyd, 414, 450

Eble, Mary, 113

economic specialization, 10, 11, 15, 16–17, 18

trade specialists, 62–63, 66

education

educational play, 202–6

formal, 200–201, 205, 235, 399, 401

storytelling as, 285–86

Efe Pygmies, 187, 188, 191

egalitarianism, 12, 13, 14, 197

child-rearing and, 194, 197, 198

religion and, 353

elders, 24, 30, 210–40

abandonment, neglect, or killing of, 213, 214–17, 286

Alzheimer’s disease and multilingualism, 392–95

as children’s care-givers, 187, 188, 218

as cultural stewards, 213, 219–20, 235, 237–38

defining old age, 211

learning from traditional societies, 236–40, 465–66

modern trends affecting, 231–36

social reinforcement of elder authority, 227–31

social values and elders’ status, 221–27

talents, strengths and weaknesses of, 238–40, plates 40, 41

usefulness of, 212, 217–20, 221, 224, 225–26, 232, 235–39, plate 22

widowhood, 233

See also life expectancies

electricity-producing fish, 334–36

Ember, Carol, 161

Ember, Melvin, 161

emotional security, 180–81, 192, 208–9

enemies, 49

defeated, fate of, 141, 146, 158–59

demonization of, 120, 125, 159, 168–70

religion and, 352, 358–59, 366

unsuspected, travel and, 54–55

See also killing(s); strangers; territoriality; violence; warfare

Enga people, 26 fig., 68 table, 75, 479–80

England, 304, 306, 311–12

See also Britain

English language, 372, 373–74, 379–80, 395, 400, 401, 407–8

environmental conditions

evolution and, 334

language diversity and, 378

salt intake and, 420

territoriality and, 43, 44, 45, 46, 48, 155

trade patterns and, 71–72

travel/geographic knowledge and, 55–56

warfare and, 155, 156, 160, 161–62

environmental hazards, 277–78, plates 42, 43, 44

avoidance and vigilance, 243–44, 282–86

child autonomy and, 198–200

Erikson, Erik, 174–75

Esen, Tevfik, 397

Eurasian peoples, 26 fig., 309 table, 311

See also specific groups

Europe

aggregation and dispersal cycles, 315

child punishment, 193, 194

criminal punishment, 110, 111, 118

diabetes rates, 438 table, 447–49

dialects, 373–74

elder treatment, 223–24

food in, 309 table, 416–17, 448–49

homicide rates, 288

language diversity and loss, 371, 396, 399

multilingualism, 383

See also specific countries and languages

European contact. See first contacts

European expansion and colonialism, 14, 18, 22, 57, 132

anthropological studies and, 477–78

effects on violence, 132, 133–34, 148–54, 288–89

language diversity and, 380, 398

wars of conquest, 144, 360

euthanasia, 232