The World Until Yesterday

salt intake, 416

sugar intake, 428–29

Vanuatu, 371, 377

Vaupes River Indians, 385–86

vengeance. See revenge

Verdi, Giuseppe, 240, plate 41

vervet monkeys, 337

vigilantism, 98–99, 107, 109, plate 35

violence, 29, 271–72, 277–78, 286–92

among war-free peoples, 156–57

feuds, 89, 95–96

language differences and, 403–4

protective measures, 290–92

religious codes of peaceful behavior, 358–59

state suppression of, 97–99, 115, 148, 286, 288, 290

stranger contacts and, 4, 50, 290

unplanned escalations of, 138, 289

vigilantism, 98–99, 107, 109

vs. warfare, 129–30

when dispute resolution fails, 97

See also killing(s); warfare

vitamin deficiencies, 299

Vogt, Evon, 327 table

Voltaire, 359

Wahl, Joachim, 134

Wanigela people, 411, 439 table

Waorani Indians, 139, 163

warfare, 119–70

absence of, 155–56

definitions of, 129–31

genetic basis for, 155–57

hand-to-hand fighting in, 142–43

religion and, 356–57, 359–61, 366, 367 fig., 368

trade and, 74, 75, 164–66, 287

warlike animals, 154–55

See also state warfare; traditional warfare

wasps, 282

water-witching, 342, 350–51, plate 46

wealth. See affluence

weaning and birth intervals, 179–81

weapons, 18

accidental wounds, 281

state warfare, 142–43, 144

trade in, 68–69 table, 69, 70, 71, 73–74

traditional warfare, 121, 135, 150, 151

weather

food availability and, 301, 302–3, 308

weather hazards, 280–81

Weber, Max, 224

WEIRD societies, 8–9

advantages, 455–57, 461–62

child development scholarship, 174–75

child-rearing practices, 180, 182–83, 184–85, 187, 189, 190–91, plate 39

defined, 6

environmental hazards in, 276–77, 279

friendship in, 51–52

individualism in, 91, 224

life expectancies, 231, 233

shortcomings of, 457–61

social bonds in, 51–52, 88, 91, 456–58

stranger contacts in, 1–2, 53

trade in, 61–65

See also specific countries

Welsh language, 409

Westernized lifestyle adoption

health and, 4, 31–32, 411–14, 432–33, 449–50

for safety and comfort, 280

See also diabetes; hypertension

Westernized societies. See WEIRD societies

widow strangling, 21, 216

widowhood, 233

Wiessner, Polly, 479

Wilson, David Sloan, 363–66

Wilson, Michael, 139

Witoto Indians, 214

Wollaston, A. F. R., 298

wolves, 154–55

women, 177, 233, 290, 298

as foragers, 187, 278

as information sources, 166–67, 291

treatment of old women, 215, 216

war and, 141, 146, 157–58, 163, 166–67

See also children

work and work ethic, 224, 353, 460

World Trade Center attack, 127, 128

World War I, 102, 127, 139–40, 142, 160–61, 361

World War II, 137, 165, 169–70, 361, 407

atomic bomb, 127, plate 37

food shortages, 314

mortality, 127, 128, 139–42

personal stories of, 238

related conflicts, 102, 130

Wrangham, Richard, 139, 155

writing, 3, 7, 18

Xingu Indians, 73–74, 419

Yahi Indians, 398

Ishi, 398, 456, plate 29

Yakut people, 215

Yamana language, 397