A History of the End of the World

66. Paula Fredriksen, “Tyconius and Augustine on the Apocalypse,” in Emmerson and McGinn, Apocalypse, 21.

67. Bernard McGinn, “Revelation,” in Alter and Kermode, Literary Guide, 528 (“moral conflict…”); Augustine, City of God, XX:7, 719 (“ridiculous fancies”).

68. Bernard McGinn, “Revelation,” in Alter and Kermode, Literary Guide, 528, referring to City of God, XX:7 and XX:9.

69. Paula Fredriksen, “Tyconius and Augustine on the Apocalypse,” in Emmerson and McGinn, Apocalypse, 35.

70. Quoted in Robert E. Lerner, “Millennialism,” in McGinn, Apocalypticism, 328 (adapted).

71. Adapted from Augustine, City of God, XX:7, 719, and a quoted passages from City of God that appears in “Tyconius and Augustine on the Apocalypse,” by Paula Fredriksen, in Emmerson and McGinn, Apocalypse, 29.

72. Augustine, City of God, XX:7, 719 (adapted).

73. Augustine, City of God, XX:17, 736.

74. Quoted in “The Medieval Return to the Thousand-Year Sabbath, in Emmerson and McGinn, Apocalypse, 52.

75. Augustine, City of God, XX:7, 720.

76. Augustine, City of God, XX:11, 729.

77. Paula Fredriksen, “Tyconius and Augustine on the Apocalypse,” in Emmerson and McGinn, Apocalypse, 34 (“radical agnosticism”); Robert E. Lerner, “The Medieval Return to the Thousand-Year Sabbath,” in Emmerson and McGinn, Apocalypse, 60 n. 29 (“eschatological uncertainty principle”).

78. Augustine, City of God, XX:20, 742 (referring specifically to the resurrection of the dead).

79. Robert E. Lerner, “Millennialism,” in McGinn, Apocalypticism, 356.

80. Bernard McGinn, “The Last Judgment in Christian Tradition,” in McGinn, Apocalypticism, 378.

81. Paula Fredriksen, “Tyconius and Augustine on the Apocalypse,” in Emmerson and McGinn, Apocalypse, 35.

82. Rev. 17:9 (KJV).

83. 1 John 2:18 (NKJ; adapted).

84. Rev. 12:9 (RSV).

85. Rev. 13:2, 13:8 (RSV; adapted).

86. Rev. 13:18 (KJV).

87. Rev. 17:8 (KJV).

88. Rev. 13:3 (RSV).

89. Quoted in Ladd, Revelation of John, 233 (adapted).

90. Quoted in Brian E. Daley, “Apocalypticism in Early Christian Theology,” in McGinn, Apocalypticism, 23.

91. Quoted in Brian E. Daley, “Apocalypticism in Early Christian Theology,” in McGinn, Apocalypticism, 23 (adapted).

92. Paula Fredriksen, “Tyconius and Augustine on the Apocalypse,” in Emmerson and McGinn, Apocalypticism, 30.

93. Rev. 6:12 (KJV; adapted).

94. Quoted in Robert E. Lerner, “The Medieval Return to the Thousand-Year Sabbath,” in Emmerson and McGinn, Apocalypticism, 52.

95. Dan. 12:7 (KJV).

96. Rev. 12:14, 12:6, 11:3, 13:5.

97. Ps. 90:4 (KJV).

98. 2 Pet. 3:8 (KJV).

99. Quoted in John Williams, “Purpose and Imagery in the Apocalypse Commentary of Beatus of Liebana,” in Emmerson and McGinn, Apocalypse, 225.

100. Bernard McGinn, “The Last Judgment in Christian Tradition,” in McGinn, Apocalypticism, 379.

101. Rev. 21:16 (KJV).

102. John 2:21 (KJV).

103. Schussler Fiorenza, Apocalypse, 8. Schussler Fiorenza specifically refers to the fact that “the author speaks of divine wrath and fierce revenge but not of God’s love and grace.”

104. Quoted in Robert E. Lerner, “The Medieval Return to the Thousand-Year Sabbath,” in Emmerson and McGinn, Apocalypse, 4 (“The saints will in no wise have an earthly kingdom…”); Jerome, Commentary on Isaiah, quoted in Bernard McGinn, “Introduction: John’s Apocalypse and the Apocalyptic Mentality” in Emmerson and McGinn, Apocalypse, 18–19 (“To take John’s Apocalypse according to the letter…”).

105. Rev. 2:9 (KJV; “synagogue of Satan”); Rev. 5:5 (KJV; “the Lion of the tribe of Judah”).

106. Dale Kinney, “The Apocalypse in Early Christian Monumental Decoration,” in Emmerson and McGinn, Apocalypse, 209.

107. Dale Kinney, “The Apocalypse in Early Christian Monumental Decoration,” in Emmerson and McGinn, Apocalypse, 200, quoting Frederik van der Meer.

108. Quoted in McGinn, Visions of the End, 55.

109. Quoted in Brian E. Daley, “Apocalypticism in Early Christian Theology,” in McGinn, Apocalypticism, 33.

110. Rev. 10:9 (KJV).

111. Rev. 1:16 (KJV).

CHAPTER 5: “YOUR OWN DAYS, FEW AND EVIL”

1. Thompson, End of Time, 36.

2. Strictly speaking, The Seventh Seal is set in mid-fourteenth-century Scandinavia, but the director paints a highly stylized picture of the High Middle Ages drawn from medieval church murals that he first saw in early childhood. (Commentary by Peter Cowie, The Seventh Seal, Criterion Collection, 1987.)

3. McGinn, Visions of the End, xx n. 1.

4. Abbo of Fleury, Apologetic Work, quoted in McGinn, Visions of the End, 89.

5. Thompson, End of Time, 38.

6. Richard K. Emmerson and Bernard McGinn, “Introduction: The Apocalypse in Medieval Culture,” in Emmerson and McGinn, Apocalypse, xxii, 294 (adapted).

7. Malone, Women and Christianity, 2:30.

8. Quoted in Malone, Women and Christianity, 2:48.

9. Quoted in Malone, Women and Christianity, 1:18.

10. Quoted in Malone, Women and Christianity, 1:18 (adapted).

11. Quoted in Roberto Rusconi, “Antichrist and Antichrists,” in Apocalypticism, 294.

12. Malone, Women and Chrisitanity, 2:96.

13. Bernard McGinn, “Apocalypticism and Church Reform: 1100–1500,” in McGinn, Apocalypticism, 86.