A History of the End of the World

155. Quoted in Richard K. Emmerson, “Introduction: The Apocalypse in Medieval Culture,” in Emmerson and McGinn, Apocalypse, 298.

156. Graves, White Goddess, 344–45.

157. Graves, White Goddess, 345.

158. Yarbro Collins, Crisis and Catharsis, 154.

159. Rev. 3:13 (KJV).

160. Quoted in de la Bedoyere, Meddlesome Friar, 204 (adapted).

161. Yarbro Collins, Crisis and Catharsis, 155 (adapted).

162. Rev. 1:1 (KJV).

163. Rev. 22:7 (KJV).

164. John J. Collins, Bernard McGinn, and Stephen J. Stein, “General Introduction,” in Collins, Origins of Apocalypticism, x.

CHAPTER 4: THE APOCALYPTIC INVASION

1. Quoted in Bernard McGinn, “Revelation,” in Alter and Kermode, Literary Guide, 523.

2. Matt. 5:44 (KJV; adapted).

3. Rev. 19:13–14 (RSV).

4. Rev. 19:15, 19:17, 19:18 (RSV). The Greek text refers to “birds,” but some translations render the word as “vultures” because John clearly refers to carrion eaters.

5. Matt. 25:40 (KJV).

6. Rev. 14:4 (RSV).

7. Rev. 20:12 (RSV).

8. Rev. 21:8 (RSV).

9. Schussler Fiorenza, Book of Revelation, 24.

10. Quoted in Schussler Fiorenza, Apocalypse, 8.

11. Quoted in Ehrman, Jesus, 17.

12. Tertullian, quoted in Greenslade, Schism, 110.

13. Rev. 21:9, 21:10, 21:18, 21:19 (RSV).

14. Rev. 11:8 (KJV).

15. Quoted in Brian E. Daley, “Apocalypticism in Early Christian Theology,” in McGinn, Apocalypticism, 11–12.

16. Quoted in Brian E. Daley, “Apocalypticism in Early Christian Theology,” in McGinn, Apocalypticism, 11.

17. Malone, Women and Christianity, 1:113.

18. P. Hughes, quoted in Festinger, Riecken, and Schachter, When Prophecy Fails, 6–7 (adapted).

19. Brian E. Daley, “Apocalypticism in Early Christian Theology,” in McGinn, Apocalypticism, 7.

20. Fox, Jesus in America, 253 (referring to “Protestant millennialists” such as Seventh-day Adventists and Jehovah’s Witnesses).

21. Rev. 17:4 (RSV).

22. Rev. 2:24 (NKJ).

23. Matt. 22:21 (RSV).

24. Rom. 13:1 (NKJ).

25. Eusebius, “The Oration of Eusebius Pamphilus in Praise of the Emperor Constantine,” in Schaff and Wace, Eusebius, 584.

26. Rev. 17:5 (RSV). (John refers here to “Babylon,” a term that is understood to refer to Rome); Rev. 14:8 (KJV).

27. McGinn, Visions of the End, 25.

28. Quoted in Smith, Constantine the Great, 201.

29. Rev. 1:1 (KJV).

30. Paula Fredriksen, “Tyconius and Augustine on the Apocalypse,” in Emmerson and McGinn, Apocalypse, 20–21.

31. Dan. 12:11, 12:12 (NKJ).

32. Dan. 12:10 (JPS).

33. Matt. 24:15–16 (NKJ).

34. Matt. 24:19–21 (RSV; adapted).

35. Matt. 24:7 (KJV).

36. Mark 8:38 (KJV).

37. Mark 9:1 (RSV). (See also Mark 13:30, 14:62.)

38. Matt. 24:34 (RSV).

39. 1 Thess. 4:16–17 (NKJ; adapted).

40. McGinn, Visions of the End, 11.

41. 2 Thess. 1–2, 3 (RSV).

42. Mark 13:7 (NKJ; adapted).

43. Mark 13:22 (RSV).

44. Mark: 13:21, 13:32 (NKJ; adapted).

45. Rowley, Relevance of Apocalyptic, 119.

46. Quoted in Fallon, “Gnostic Apocalypses,” 143.

47. Adela Yarbro Collins, “Revelation, Book of,” in Freedman, Anchor Bible Dictionary, 5:695.

48. Yarbro Collins, “Revelation, Book of,” in Freedman, Anchor Bible Dictionary, 5:695.

49. Quoted in Schussler Fiorenza, Book of Revelation, 87.

50. Adela Yarbro Collins, “Revelation, Book of,” in Freedman, Anchor Bible Dictionary, 5:706, quoting Eusebius, Hist. Eccl. 725.

51. Adela Yarbro Collins, “Early Christian,” in “Apocalypses and Apocalypticism,” in Freedman, Anchor Bible Dictionary, 1:290.

52. Quoted in Colwell, Study of the Bible, 21–22.

53. Colwell, Study of the Bible, 34.

54. Colwell, Study of the Bible, 32, 35.

55. Quoted in Colwell, Study of the Bible, 35 (adapted).

56. Quoted in Bernard McGinn, “Revelation,” in Alter and Kermode, Literary Guide, 529.

57. Ellul, Apocalypse, 1977, 9–10 (adapted).

58. Akenson, Surpassing Wonder, 226–27.

59. Rev. 11:2 (NKJ; “tread the holy city underfoot”); Rev. 11:3–4, 11:7 (RSV; “the beast that ascends”).

60. Rev. 11:13 (RSV).

61. Rev. 11:8 (RSV).

62. Rev. 17:7 (NKJ).

63. Rev. 1:20 (NKJ).

64. Brian E. Daley, “Apocalypticism in Early Christian Theology,” in McGinn, Apocalypticism, 6.

65. Quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 47.