Biological Exuberance: Animal Homosexuality and Natural Diversity

likely a species of Whiptail Lizard, probably the Desert Grassland Whiptail (Cnemidophorus uniparens). For parthenogenesis and homosexual copulation in this and other Whiptail Lizards, see the references for these species in the appendix.

132

Anguksuar (Richard LaFortune) (1997) “A Postcolonial Colonial Perspective on Western (Mis)Conceptions of the Cosmos and the Restoration of Indigenous Taxonomies,” p. 219, in Jacobs et al., Two-Spirit People, pp. 217-22.

133

Barlow, Evolution Extended, pp. 292—93, 298, 300.

134

Harjo, J. (1988) “The Woman Hanging from the Thirteenth Floor Window,” in C. Morse and J. Larkin, eds., Gay & Lesbian Poetry in Our Time, pp. 179-81 (New York: St. Martin’s Press); Harjo, J. (1990) In Mad Love and War (Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press); Harjo, J. (1994) The Woman Who Fell from the Sky (New York: W. W. Norton and Company); Harjo, J. (1996) The Spiral of Memory: Interviews (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press), pp. 28, 57, 68, 108, 115-17, 126, 129; Randall, M. (1990) “Nothing to Lose,” Women’s Review of Books 7:17-18.

135

Geist, V. (1996) Buffalo Nation: History and Legend of the North American Bison, p. 55 (Stillwater, Minn.: Voyageur Press). The picture shows a three-year-old male mounting another three-year-old male; the sex and age of the mountee can be discerned from the shape and size of its horns and head, and the presence of a prominent preputial (penis) tuft (D. F. Lott, personal communication).

136

Brant, B. (1994) “Anodynes and Amulets,” in Brant, Writing as Witness, pp. 25-34; Shaw, C. (1995) “A Theft of Spirit?” New Age Journal (July/August 1995):84—92.

137

Sorum, A. (1984) “Growth and Decay: Bedamini Notions of Sexuality,” in Herdt, Ritualized Homosexuality in Melanesia, pp. 318—36.

138

Schlesier, The Wolves of Heaven, pp. 13—14, 66—67, 190.

139

Nataf, Z. I. (1996) Lesbians Talk Transgender, p.55 (London: Scarlet Press); with quotations from Smith, S. A. (1993) “Morphing, Materialism, and the Marketing of Xenogenesis,” Genders 18:67-86.

140

cummings, e. e. Complete Poems, p. 809.

141

Monarch Butterfly (Leong et al. 1995; Leong 1995; Urquhart 1987; Tilden 1981; Rothschild 1978; Malcolm, S. B., and M. P. Zalucki, eds., [1993] Biology and Conservation of the Monarch Butterfly, Science Series no. 38 [Los Angeles: Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County]). ).

142

Bey, H. (1991) T.A.Z.: The Temporary Autonomous Zone, Ontological Anarchy, Poetic Terrorism, p. 137 (New York: Autonomedia).

143

The image of locating a conceptual position on the trajectory between distinct but related “points” is borrowed from Hakim Bey (Immediatism, p. 32).

144

MacNeice, L. (1966) “Snow,” in Collected Poems (Oxford: Oxford University Press).

145

Bey, T.A.Z., pp. 23, 55.

Credits and Permissions

Grateful acknowledgment is made to the publishers, authors, and photographers listed below for permission to reproduce material copyrighted or controlled by them. Full citations for sources listed below are to be found in the bibliographies of each of the relevant species profiled in part 2.

“Snow” by Louis MacNeice, from Collected Poems (Faber & Faber). Reprinted with the permission of the Estate of Louis MacNeice. © 1966 by the Estate of Louis MacNeice.

The lines from “now that, more nearest even than your fate,” copyright © 1962, 1990, 1991 by the Trustees for the E. E. Cummings Trust, from Complete Poems: 1904—1962 by e.e. cummings, edited by George J. Firmage. Reprinted by permission of Liveright Publishing Corporation.

“Pied Beauty,” by Gerard Manley Hopkins, from Poems of Gerard Manley Hopkins (4th ed., 1967; Oxford University Press).

Superb Lyrebird: Photo by L. H. Smith. Printed with the permission of L. H. Smith. © 1999 by L. H. Smith.

Bonobo here, here, and here: Photos by Frans de Waal. Reprinted from de Waal (1995: Fig. 3.2, p. 43; Fig. 3.4, p. 45; Fig. 3.5, p. 46) with the permission of the University of Chicago Press and Frans de Waal. © 1995 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.

Giraffe: Photo by Bristol Foster. Printed with the permission of J. Bristol Foster. © 1999 by J. Bristol Foster.

Canada Goose: Photo by Arthur A. Allen. Reprinted from Allen (1934: Plate XI-A, p.196) with the permission of David G. Allen and The Auk/American Ornithologists’ Union. © 1934 by The Auk/American Ornithologists’ Union, Arthur A. Allen, and David G. Allen.

Flamingo here and here: Photos by Ron Entius. Printed with the permission of Ron Entius. © 1999 by Ron Entius.

Bighorn Sheep: Photo by Len Rue Jr. Printed with the permission of Leonard Rue Enterprises. © 1999 by Leonard Lee Rue III and Len Rue Jr.

Walrus here, here, and here: Photos by Edward H. Miller. Reprinted from Miller (1975: Fig. 11, p. 595; Fig. 12, p. 596; Fig. 14, p. 596) with the permission of NRC Research Press. © 1975 by the National Research Council of Canada.

Mallard Duck here, here, and here: Photos by Friedrich Schutz. Reprinted from Schutz (1965: Fig. 3, p. 443; Figs. 4—5, p. 446) with the permission of Springer-Verlag. © 1965 by Springer-Verlag.

Orang-utan here and here: Photos by H. D. Rijksen. Reprinted from Rijksen (1978: Fig. 128b, p. 263; Fig. 129a, p. 264) with the permission of H. D. Rijksen. © 1978 by H. D. Rijksen.

Bonnet Macaque: Photo by Yukimaru Sugiyama. Reprinted from Sugiyama (1971: Fig. 6, p. 260) with the permission of Japan Monkey Centre and Yukimaru Sugiyama. © 1971 by Primates/Japan Monkey Centre.

Mute Swan: Photo by J. P. Ritchie. Reprinted from Ritchie (1926: p. 95) with the permission of Oliver & Boyd/Addison Wesley Longman Ltd. © 1926 by Oliver & Boyd/Addison Wesley Longman Ltd.

Melolonthine Scarab Beetle: Drawing by A. L. Clement. Reprinted from Gadeau de Kerville (1896: p. 85).

Gray Whale here and here: Photos by James Darling. Printed from Darling (1978: Fig. 13A-B, p. 54a) with the permission of James Darling. © 1978 by James D. Darling.

Greylag Goose: Photo by Angelika Tipler-Schlager. Reprinted from Lorenz (1991: Fig. 95, p. 227) with the permission of Angelika Tipler. © 1991 by Angelika Tipler.

Gray Seal: Reprinted from Backhouse and Hewer (1957: Plate 1, p. 450) with the permission of Cambridge University Press. © 1957 by the Zoological Society of London.

Red Fox: Photos by David W. Macdonald. Reprinted from Macdonald (1980: Plate 2a-b, p. 137) with the permission of David W. Macdonald. © 1980 by David W. Macdonald.