Biological Exuberance: Animal Homosexuality and Natural Diversity

Embracing, clasping, hugging (homosexual)

mammals: primates marine other

Endangered species

mammals: primates marine hoofed other

birds

Erection (penile or clitoral) see Sexual arousal

Evolution

see also Post-Darwinian evolution

Excess copulations (heterosexual) see Group activity; Multiple matings

Exclusive homosexuality

lifetime mammals birds

other long-term

mammals: primates marine hoofed other

birds: waterfowl shore perching other

short-term

mammals: primates marine hoofed other

birds: waterfowl shore perching other

see also Preference (homosexual)

Explanations of homosexuality

bisexual superiority

contributing to heterosexuality/breeding

dominance

helpers

mistaken sex indentification

nonsexual

pathology—captivity

pathology—hormonal, other physiological

population control

practice for heterosexuality

pseudoheterosexuality

shortage of opposite sex

see also Behavioral/sexual plasticity

Extra-pair (promiscuous) copulations see Nonmonogamous pair-bonds

Face-to-face (ventroventral) position see Mounting positions, variant

Faderman, Lillian

Fedigan, Linda

Fellatio see Oral stimulation

Forced copulations see Nonconsensual sexual activity

Ford, Joseph

Fossey, Dian

Foster-parenting see Adoption; Sources of offspring

Fox, Greysolynne J.

Frassach, King Niall

Frequency, prevalence of homosexual interactions

Freud, Sigmund

Friendships, sexual see Partnerships

Gadeau de Kerville, Henri

Gadpaille, W. J.

Gaia theory