vessel will land on a Vietnamese-claimed island or interfere with legitimate Vietnamese naval operations in any way. Leing nodded. The exact wording was not important: these men were not to be trusted no matter what they said. Actions spoke louder than words, and so far their actions suggested the Chinese Navy was in the Spratly Islands to stay. “So I am to assume, Comrade General, that Chinese warships will continue to patrol north of the neutral zone, in violation of international treaty?”
“We were invited by the government of the Philippines to assist in national self-defense matters, ” Chin said. “The request included patrolling their islands for signs of rebel activity. We are protecting their interests as well as yours, since as we have seen the rebel military’s actions are a threat to all nations.” Lies, Leing thought, struggling to keep his face as impassive as possible. The whole world knows it was a Chinese nuclear warhead that exploded in the Palawan Straits. Do they really expect me to believe this fairy tale? “My government appreciates the truth in your words, Comrade General, ” Leing said evenly, “but also prefers that international treaties be strictly followed.”
“The terms of the treaty between us have been altered by recent events, ” the Chinese Foreign Minister, Zhou Ti Yanbing, said. “Because of the nuclear explosion, we felt our forces were at substantial risk in the South China Sea and that an escalation of our naval presence was necessary. At the same time, we were invited by the government of the Philippines to assist them in putting down a suspected coup and a violent military attack by well-armed forces. Those are the facts, and we speak the truth.” Not the whole truth, Leing noted: it was the Chinese who set off the nuclear explosion, the Chinese who posed the greatest risk to neighboring nations. The Philippine coup was just a fortuitous opportunity for the Chinese to complete their long sought-after conquest. . “However, the situation has become even more unstable for us and for all nations involved in this incident, ” Zhou continued. “We realize that new priorities must be established and new ties formed between the affected nations- especially between China and Vietnam.” “What sort of ties are you referring to, Comrade Foreign Minister?” There was a pause, an uneasy silence notably between General Chin and Premier Cheung-although no words or glances were exchanged, the two men were on edge. Then Cheung spoke, and the interpreter said, “We wish to issue a ninetynine-year irrevocable lease to the Republic of Vietnam to occupy, develop, patrol, and regulate affairs in the entire Nansha Island archipelago.” Leing was stunned. “I… Please, Comrade Premier, if you would be so good to repeat your last statement. General Chin made a sudden outburst, and Cheung replied hotly without turning toward him. “The General said, ‘This is nonsense, ‘ and the Premier ordered him to keep quiet, ” Leing’s interpreter whispered into the ambassador’s ear. “I believe you heard correctly, Comrade Ambassador, ” Foreign Minister Zhou said through his interpreter. “We wish to turn over control of the Nansha Islands to Vietnam. We will surrender all interests we currently hold in the islands to you for a period of ninety-nine years, after which time we will agree to enter into negotiations for outright transfer of ownership or an extension of the lease to you.” Then Leing’s interpreter added, “It appears to me that General Chin is opposed to the plan.” Leing was shocked. China, which patrolled the Nansha Islands-the Chinese term for the Spratly Islands-as if they were a mainland province-had even defended their rights to the islands with atomic weapons. Now they were willing to just give the islands up? And give them up to Vietnam, which was once an ally but was now a clear adversary? As early as 1988, China had come a hairsbreadth away from invading Vietnam over the Spratly Islands. . . “This is most unexpected, Comrade Premier, ” Leing said, finally regaining control over his numbed senses. “It is a most attractive offer. Naturally, I assume there is a condition to this transfer?” Of course there was-and Leing finally realized what it might be…. “You are correct, Comrade Ambassador, ” the interpreter said for Foreign Minister Zhou. “Although we freely admit that an adjustment to the turbulent situation in the Nansha Island chain meant that this action was far overdue: “We realize that a vote will be forthcoming when the Association of South East Asian Nations meet in Singapore and the question of our occupation of the Philippines is brought forward. We have tried to assure all countries involved in this situation that our involvement was requested by the Philippine government and that we are acting in strict accordance with international law; however, we realize that outside, nonCommunist sympathizers will attempt to undermine our efforts to restore peace to the region. China has not been offered an opportunity to voice our side of the matter, which precludes any sort of fair and equitable resolution of this incident. “We are therefore asking that when the vote is called, the Vietnamese vote against any ASEAN resolutions to interfere in the Philippines, and that you urge other nations in ASEAN to vote against any resolution as well. Since a unanimous vote is necessary for ASEAN to take military action or impose severe economic embargos, your action would postpone any serious consequences. “In addition, if you agree to assist us militarily in defending our right to remain in the Philippines, the Republic of China will propose a similar lease agreement to the Republic of Vietnam for the western group of the islands known as the Crescent Group in the Xinsha Islands archipelago.” The offer was astounding. China was in effect offering the Vietnamese a controlling position to the entire South China Sea in exchange for cooperation in its operation in the Philippines. In terms of value and strategic importance, it was not an equitable trade-the Philippines was by far a much brighter gem than the Spratlys or the Paracels-but by establishing offshore bases, Vietnam would once again be able to build a blue-water navy and exert its will in Southeast Asia. It could finally be able to counter the growing democraticoligarchic influence of the Moslem nations of Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Brunei by being able to effectively operate naval and merchant fleets far from home ports. “I do not see how such an action can be construed as anything else than conspiracy and duplicity, ” Ambassador Leing said. Premier Cheung’s face was impassive, but Leing measured the government’s reaction in General Chin’s face-it was obvious the warlord didn’t enjoy taking any lip from a Vietnamese politician. “But the return of our territorial islands of Dao Quan Mueng Bang and Dao Phran-Binh would be of immense pleasure and gratification to my government. The ploy worked. Instead of calling the contested islands by their Chinese names, Leing used the ancestral Vietnamese names-Dao Quan Mueng Bang for the Spratlys, Dao PhranBinh for the Paracels-and those names infuriated General Chin, who launched into a furious tirade, first at Leing and then at Premier Cheung. “He says that this is a crazy idea, that it will never be, that Vietnam cannot be allowed to take.. .” his interpreter quickly responded. “He is now telling me to be silent or he will cut off my… my penis, and stuff it in my… General Chin is very angry, Comrade Ambassador. Perhaps we should leave. “No, ” Leing said in Vietnamese in a low voice. “There is obviously a power struggle going on here. We must be witness to it before we can take this proposal to Hanoi.”
“We will take nothing if we are dead!” “Keep your comments to yourself and tell me what they are saying, ” Leing hissed. “The Premier is telling Chin to be silent… Chin is saying to the Foreign Minister that he will not agree to release the Spratlys to Vietnam . . . the Premier repeats his order for silence.” The last order seemed to stick; General Chin stopped his bellowing and was content for the moment to shift his weight impatiently from foot to foot and glare at Leing. The Premier spoke up. “Please deliver this request to your government with all speed and confidentiality. We await your reply.” ANDERSEN AFB, GUAM THURSDAY, 29 SEPTEMBER 1994, 1334 HOURS LOCAL (28 SEPTEMBER, 0034 HOURS WASHINGTON TIME) cc an-living in Arkansas, I thought I knew what humidMity~e~t~i~e, “~on~asters~a~sai~. “GuamhasBlytheville beat six ways to none.” Those were Masters’ first words when he stepped off his converted DC-I 0 airliner onto the tarmac at Andersen Air Force Base in Guam. Everything he touched felt clammy-the railing on the portable stairs, the concrete parking apron, everything. Breathing became a conscious activity, and things like long pants and underwear became serious personal liabilities. General Brad Elliott had to agree. Although he had spent some months in Guam during the Vietnam War, flying B- 52D and -G bombers from Guam over twenty-five hundred miles one-way on bombing missions, he never got accustomed to the oppressive humidity on the tiny tropical island, which felt like 100 percent every hour of every day. The daily three P.M. thunderstorms did nothing to improve conditions-in fact, it felt even worse, as if one were drowning in oceans one could not see, only feel. Guam had been the linchpin of American military presence in the Pacific since the Spanish-American War of 1898. The Japanese invaded Guam on December 7, 1941, at the same time that Pearl Harbor was being bombed, but they were ousted in 1944 after days of heavy American bombing, and the militarization of Guam began. Of the three B-29, B-36, and B-47 bomber bases built on Guam from 1944 to 1950, the largest, Andersen Air Force Base-first known simply as North Field-remained. Andersen Air Force Base was a vast, stark facility on Guam’s northern shore that, although reduced to a small fraction of its recent size and relatively quiet, still echoed with the ghosts of missions past. Dominating the base were Andersen’s twin twomile- long runways. Surrounding the runways, including the “infield” between the parallel runways, were concrete parking stubs big enough for B-52s. During the height of the Vietnam War, during Operation Bullet Shot in 1972, over one hundred and fifty bombers were parked here. The B-52s participated in the massive Arc Light, Young Tiger, and Linebacker bombing missions between 1965 and 1973. By 1990 the Air Force had removed all the permanently assigned B-52 bombers and KC-135 tankers from Andersen, and the base transitioned to caretaker status of the 633rd Air Base Wing of the Pacific Air Forces. But Elliott and Masters knew it would become an important base of operations again. Masters had already launched two ALARM boosters while still over the United States. The young
