Enemy at the Gates

Sorge, Richard, 23

Southeast Front, 32, 117

Sovetsky, 198, 202

Soviet Union: losses at Stalingrad, xiv–xv, 61; Nazi invasion of, 4, 23, 42, 83, 106; writing of history, x-xi. See also Bolshevik Revolution; Red Army

Sovietskaya Street, 35, 160-161

Spangenburg, Oberstleutnant, 353

Spain, 153; Civil War, 94

Spartakovka, 68

Spitkovsky, Pvt. Abraham, 188, 406

Stalin, Josef, x, 4, 22-27, 30, 68, 232, 386, 403; address to Russian people, 152; battle as contest of egos with Hitler, 157; character, 22; cooperation with Weimar Republic, 212; military conferences, 85-86, 88, 117, 173; military decisions, 26, 48, 61, 89, 118, 202-203, 234, 245, 300, 301, 315; military strategy, 24-25; and NKVD, 43; order to hold Stalingrad, 39, 61; order to launch counterattack, 161-162; victory over White Army, 30; and Zhukov, 77-78

Stalingrad: advance by Germans on, 51, 56, 88; City Soviet, 35, 53, 60, 385; civilian volunteers, 54; climate, 3, 28, 33; command post at, 30, 32; death toll, xiv; decision to stand siege, 24-25; described, 30-38, 51; destruction, figures on, 385; entry of German troops, 88, 89; evacuation of civilians, xiv-xv, 34, 38, 56-57, 67, 97; evacuation of wounded, 110; first contact of Russian armies in and outside after siege, 368; geographical setting, 3; German headquarters in, 122-123; German losses, 343; German strategy of attack, 8-9, 13-14, 18; held by German troops, 220; history, 28-30; Hitler on taking of, 118-119, 154; naming of, 20, 30; newspaper reports of fall, 100; organization of militia, 90-91; population figures, xiv-xv, 30, 385; psychological importance of battle, xv-xvi; reconstruction of, xi-xii, 389-390; reinforcements brought into, 112, 124, 125; Russian Military Council at, 62-63; Russian plan of defense, 25-27; Russian counteroffensive, 88-89, 179, 182, 190; Russian losses, 368; survivors, xiii, 396-404; unattended wounded, German, 362; war memorial at, Xii-Xiii; wounded in battle, 386-387. See also casualties; factory district; street fighting; Tsaritsyn; weather; also names of streets, buildings, and locations, e.g. Mamaev Hill

Stalingrad Front, 26, 32, 151; renamed Don Front, 117

Stalingradski, 354; Flying School at, 122

Starobelsk, 191, 192

starvation, 30, 166, 229, 261, 320, 344, 363; autopsy showing, 318-319; mention of banned, 319; among prisoners, 390

State Bank Building, 91, 92

STAVKA (Soviet General Staff), 24-25, 32, 34, 48, 71, 158, 183, 187-188, 228, 234, 316, 423

Stefan Norman, 225

Steflea, Gen., 201-202

Steidle, Col., 372

Steinhilber, Sgt. Eugen, 198, 406

Stempel, Gen., 367

Stock, Lt. Gerhard, 175, 182, 185, 186

“storm troops,” in defense of Stalingrad, 90-91

Strecker, Gen., 383

street fighting, 76, 79, 90, 91-93; anticipated by Russian command, 33; German experts, 154-155; training in, 195; at Voronezh, 18-19

Stuka aircraft, 32, 40, 42, 44, 58, 60, 70, 91, 93, 134 245

Stuttgart, 113, 226, 270, 314, 402

suicide, 367, 371, 372, 375, 384; Hitler on, 377, 382-383

supply lines, 20, 78, 113, 164

Susdal, prison camp at, 362, 390, 392

Sverdlovsk, 40

Swabia, 226

Switzerland, 23, 158, 228, 402

T-34 tanks, see Tanks, Russian

Taganrog, Army Group Don headquarters at, 346, 347, 352, 361, 384

Tambov, prison camp at, 363, 390

tanks: German, 5, 40, 146, 159; Russian, 36, 41, 63, 166-167, 180, 184, 188, 194, 202, 223, 224, 236, 240, 263, 315, 334. See also entries under German Army, e.g. First Panzer; also entries under Red Army, e.g. First Tank

Tashkent, 386

Tatsinskaya, 67, 216, 217, 274, 280, 281, 290, 295; airfield at, 300

Tazi airstrip, 302

Tel Aviv, 397

telephone communications: breakdown of Russian, 80, 89, 126, 134; cutting of German, 133, 248. See also BODO line

teletype communications, German, 248-250, 252-255, 256-257, 267-268, 269-270, 277-279, 290-291; cut off by Russians, 300

Terek River, 183

Thiel, Maj., 350, 351

Thuringia, 153

Till, Lt., 238-239

Toepke, Lt. Gunter, 205

Tomskuschin, Maj. Nikolai, 39-41, 403, 406

Tomskuschin, Vladimir, 41, 403

torture, 43-44, 117, 436

trains: Germans supplied by, 73; Russian, attacked by Germans, 63, 191; in transport of prisoners, 327- 329

Trepper, Leonard, 23

Trotsky, Leon, 22

Tsaritsa, Gorge, 33-34, 55, 101, 234, 286, 365, 368, 378; command post under, 30-32, 36, 47, 54, 57, 80, 99; German assault on, 94, 99; removal of headquarters, 80-81; return of headquarters to, 88; siege of command post, 93-94

Tsaritsyn, 20, 29

Tunisia, 296

Tuna, Don Guido, 391

typhus, 365, 369, 389-390

Tzatza lakes, 88, 149, 173, 174, 187

Ukraine, 4, 17, 85, 104, 106, 116, 118, 119, 120, 132, 143, 166, 221, 387, 436

Ulm, 399

United Press International, 336

Univermag Department Store, xii, 35,

102, 109-110, 368-369, 370, 378,

396; taken by Germans, 111

Upper Silesia, 210

Ural Mountains, 9, 40, 103, 121, 149,

387, 389

Uralsk, 57

Usenko, Capt., 368

Uzbekistan, 120, 389

Vadeneyeva, Maria, 102