6. Sochineniia, xii: 245–6.
7. Sochineniia, xii: 243–4.
8. Sochineniia, xii: 27.
9. Sochineniia, xii: 215, 60–1.
10. Sochineniia, xii: 329.
11. Khoteev, Kniga v Rossii v seredine XVIII v., 7–9.
12. Sochineniia, xii: 532.
13. J. Hardman, Louis XVI (New Haven, CT, 1993), vii.
14. PSZ, xii: 9276, 10 Apr. 1746; N. Rozanov, Istoriia Moskovskago Eparkhial’nago Upravleniia so vremeni uchrezhdenii Sv. Sinoda, 1721–1821 (M, 1869), ii: 1, 153, 159, n. 370.
15. PSZ, xii: 9286, 15 May 1746; xiii: 9860, 11 June 1751.
16. J. McManners, Death and the Enlightenment (Oxford, 1981), 302.
17. Sochineniia, xii: 232–5.
18. P. Salvadori, La chasse sous l’ancien regime (Paris, 1996), 207; Kutepov, Tsarskaia okhota, 30.
19. Kutepov, Tsarskaia okhota, 64; KfZh (1751), 92–5; PSZ, xiii: 9903, 3 Nov. 1751.
20. Sochineniia, xii: 117.
21. Wortman, Scenarios, 107.
22. AKV, xxxiv: appendix, n.p, undated. A flask (shtof) measured 1.23 litres.
23. Mrs Vigor, Letters from a lady, who resided some years in Russia, to her friend in England (London, 1775), 73. See also Bespiatykh, Peterburg Anny Ioannovny, 145 (C. R. Berch).
24. C. von Manstein, Memoirs of Russia, historical, political and military, from the year M DCC XXVII, to M DCC XLIV (London, 1770), 248.
25. S. Panchulidzev, Istoriia Kavalergardov 1724–1799—1899, 4 vols. (SPb, 1899), i: 254–68, at p. 260.
26. Decree of 5 May 1758, quoted in N. Findeizen, History of Music in Russia from Antiquity to 1800, 2: The Eighteenth Century, trans. S. W. Pring, eds. M. Velimirovii and C. R. Jensen (Bloomington, IN, 2008), 30.
27. SIRIO, ciii: 552, Hyndford to Chesterfield, 23 Feb. 1748.
28. Anisimov, Elizaveta Petrovna, 132–3, notes a tradition dating back to the empress’s contemporaries.
29. C. Koslofsky, ‘Princes of Darkness: The Night at Court, 1650–1750’, Journal of Modern History, 79, 2 (2007), 236, 244, 251ff., 258ff.
30. See Zitser, Transfigured Kingdom, passim.
31. Hughes, Russia in the Age of Peter the Great, 267–9; P. Keenan, ‘The Function of Fashion: Women and Clothing at the Russian Court (1700–1762)’, in Women in Russian Culture and Society, 1700–1825, eds. W. Rosslyn and A. Tosi (Basingstoke, 2007), 127–9.
32. Manstein, Memoirs, 319.
33. Manstein, Memoirs, 248–9.
34. Vigor, Letters, 75.
35. Keenan, ‘The Function of Fashion’, 132–3.
36. Bil’basov, i: 166, n. 2.
37. C. M. Foust, Muscovite and Mandarin: Russia’s trade with China and its setting, 1727– 1805 (Chapel Hill, NC, 1969), 105–63 (esp. 139–41), 357; ‘Kitaiskie tovary v Rossii XVIII v.’, Istoricheskii arkhiv, 2006:4, 197–200.
38. SIRIO, cxlviii: 104, Guy Dickens to Newcastle, 17/28 July 1750.
39. P. Mansel, Dressed to Rule: Royal and Court Costume from Louis XIV to Elizabeth II (New Haven, CT, 2005), xiii—xiv and passim.
40. Sbornik Biografii Kavalergardov 1724–1762, ed. S. Panchulidzev (SPb, 1901), 342 (I. I. Babaev); Benois, Tsarskoe Selo, 31.
41. Manstein, Memoirs, 248.
42. Sochineniia, xii: 211; Russkii pridvornyi kostium ot Petra I do Nikolaia II iz sobraniia Gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha Sankt-Peterburg (M, 1999), 28–31.
43. N. Iu. Bolotina, ‘Zhenshchiny roda Vorontsovykh v povsednevnoi zhizni imperatorskogo dvora XVIII v.’, in E.R. Dashkova i zolotoi vek Ekateriny, ed. L. Tychinina (M, 2006), 142, 150–3.
44. Sochineniia, xii: 301, 211–2, 252–4.
45. For comparisons, see Duindam, Vienna and Versailles, ch. 3.
46. KfZh (1748), suppl., 120–32, 149 (these figures are almost certainly underestimates); K. Pisarenko, Povsednevnaia zhizn’ russkogo dvora v tsarstvovanie Elizavety Petrovny (M, 2003), 47–64, esp. 49, 59–60. On titles, see O. G. Ageeva, Evropeizatsiia russkogo dvora 1700–1796 gg. (M, 2006), 81–96.
47. C. de Wassenaer, A Visit to St Petersburg, 1824–1825, trans. and ed. I. Vinogradoff (Norwich, 1994), 58.
48. KfZh (1748), suppl., 140–9.
49. S. M. Troitskii, Finansovaia politika russkogo absoliutizma v XVIII veke (M, 1966), 246; PSZ, XIII: 9757, 2 June 1750.
50. KfZh (1748), suppl., 106–8.
51. Blanning, Power of Culture, 59, 32.
52. Benois, Tsarskoe Selo, 65–6, 68.
53. Puteshestvie brat’ev Demidovykh po Evrope: Pis’ma i podnevnye Zhurnaly 1750–1761 gody, ed. G. A. Pobedimova (M, 2006), 101.
54. N. W. Wraxall, Memoirs of the Courts of Berlin, Dresden, Warsaw and Vienna in the years 1777, 1778 and 1779, 2 vols. (London, 1806), ii: 213.
55. Benois, Tsarskoe Selo, 104–5.
56. A. I. Uspenskii, Imperatorskie dvortsy, i: 34, Zapiski Imperatorskago Moskovskago Arkhaeologicheskago Instituta, xxiii (M, 1913).
57. I. Reyfman, Vasilii Trediakovsky: The fool of the ‘new’ Russian literature (Stanford, CA, 1990), 239.
58. Marker, Imperial Saint, 216–8 and passim.
59. Quoted in Anisimov, Rossiia bez Petra, 73.
60. Mooser, i: 247.
61. Quoted in K. Ospovat, ‘Towards a cultural history of the Court of Elizaveta Petrovna’, SGECRN, 35 (2007), 38.
62. S. W. Mintz, Sweetness and power: The place of sugar in modern history (Harmondsworth, 1986), 88–94.
63. Sipovskaia, ‘Obedy’, 161.
64. Starikova, doc. 936; N. Kazakevich, Tsarskie zastol’ia v XVIII veke: Tseremonial i dekorativnoe oformlenie paradnykh stolov pri dvore imperatrits Elizavety i Ekateriny II (SPb, 2003), 22–4.
65. E.g., KfZh (1753), 27, C.’s birthday; 74, Elizabeth’s birthday.
66. P. Stolpianskii, ‘V starom Peterburge: Banketnye stoly’, Starye gody, Mar. 1913, 28–32.
67. KfZh (1745), Zhurnal banketnyi, 19; KfZh (1748), 14–15, 32–3; Iu. Denisov and A. Petrov, Zodchii Rastrelli (Leningrad, 1973), 148–9, 187– 8; Zapiski Vasiliia Aleksandrovicha Nashchokina (SPb, 1842), 101.
