Spies and Commissars

55. J. Sadoul, Notes sur la revolution bolchevique, octobre 1917–janvier 1919, p. 319: letter to A. Thomas, 26 April 1918.

56. Ibid., p. 322: letter to A. Thomas, 27 April 1918.

57. Ibid., p. 365: letter to A. Thomas, 27 May 1918.

58. Sovnarkom meeting, 25 June 1918: GARF, f. R-130, op. 2, d. 2.

59. Pravda, 27 April 1918.

60. Sovnarkom meeting, 4 April 1918: GARF, f. R-130, op. 2, d. 1.

61. R. Vaucher, L’Enfer bolchevik a Petrograd sous la commune et la terreur rouge, p. 273; G. V. Chicherin, Vneshnyaya politika Sovetskoi Rossii za dva goda, pp. 18–19; New York Times, 6 July 1918.

62. J. Sadoul, Notes sur la revolution bolchevique, octobre 1917–janvier 1919, p. 313: letter to A. Thomas, 16 April 1918.

63. Ibid.

64. Ibid., p. 325: letter to A. Thomas, 28 April 1918.

65. R. Vaucher, L’Enfer bolchevik a Petrograd sous la commune et la terreur rouge, p. 35.

66. Ibid., p. 157.

11. Revolts and Murders

1. Krasnaya kniga VChK, vol. 2, pp. 38–9.

2. W. G. Rosenberg, Liberals in the Russian Revolution: The Constitutional Democratic Party, 1917–1921, pp. 316–20.

3. R. H. Bruce Lockhart to A. J. Balfour, 1 November 1918: National Archives, FO 371/3337/9828, pp. 8– 9.

4. J. Noulens, Mon ambassade en Russie Sovietique, 1917–1919, vol. 1, p. 178; J. Sadoul, Notes sur la revolution bolchevique, octobre 1917–janvier 1919, p. 367: letter to A. Thomas, 28 May 1918.

5. V. Fic, The Bolsheviks and the Czechoslovak Legion, pp. 206, 242, 262, 307–8 and 313.

6. National Archvies, FO 371/3324/107587, cited in B. Pearce, How Haig Saved Lenin, p. 44.

7. R. H. Bruce Lockhart to A. J. Balfour, 7 November 1918: Robert Hamilton Bruce Lockhart Papers (HIA), box 12.

8. Z. A. Zeman, Germany and the Revolution in Russia, 1915–1918: Documents from the Archives of the German Foreign Ministry, pp. 130 and 137; M. Occleshaw, Dances in Deep Shadows: The Clandestine War in Russia, 1917–20, pp. 130–3.

9. J. Noulens, Mon ambassade en Russie Sovietique, 1917–1919, vol. 1, pp. 132–3, and vol. 2, pp. 120–1.

10. Sovnarkom meeting, 11 February 1918 (NS): GARF, f. R-130, op. 2, d. 1.

11. Sovnarkom meeting, 9 March 1918: ibid.

12. Ibid.

13. Sovnarkom meeting, 2 May 1918: ibid.

14. Trotsky’s 1935 diary in L. Trotskii, Dnevniki i pis’ma, p. 102.

15. Sovnarkom meeting, 17 July 1918: GARF, f. R-130, op. 2, d. 2.

16. A. A. Ioffe, ‘N. Lenin i nasha vneshnyaya politika’ (dated 20 October 1927), APRF, f. 31, op. 1, d. 4, p. 216.

17. Ibid.

18. Enquiries to Lenin at the Eighth Party Congress, March 1919: RGASPI, f. 5, op. 2, d. 2, p. 5.

19. G. V. Chicherin, Vneshnyaya politika Sovetskoi Rossii za dva goda, pp. 18– 19.

20. M. Ustinov, ‘Svoevremennye mysli’, in S. Rudakov (ed.), Vokrug moskovskikh sobytii, p. 10.

21. G. A. Hill, Go Spy the Land, pp. 202–3.

22. R. H. Bruce Lockhart (Moscow), 10 and 26 May: Milner Papers, dep. 364, fol. 288, and dep. 365, fol. 47.

23. R. H. Bruce Lockhart (Moscow), 16 May 1918: ibid., dep. 364; R. Bruce Lockhart and A. Kerensky, ‘Ordeal by Oratory’ (draft; n.d.), p. 5: Robert Hamilton Bruce Lockhart Papers (HIA), box 5, folder 7.

24. Notes taken by Robin Bruce Lockhart from George Hill’s account, p. 5: ibid., box 11, folder 1.

25. George Hill’s answer to Robin Bruce Lockhart’s questionnaire, p. 6: ibid., box 11, folder 1; Ya. Peters, ‘Protokol pokazanii Ksenofontova Kalamatiano, on zhe Serpovskii’, in Arkhiv VChK. Sbornik dokumentov, p. 512.

26. Savinkov’s testimony in ‘Sudebnoe razbiratel’stvo’, Pravda, 30 August 1924, pp. 4–5.

27. R. H. Bruce Lockhart (Moscow) 17 May 1918: Milner Papers, dep. 142, fol. 4; see also dep. 365, fols 171–2.

28. Lockhart’s telegram, 26 May 1918: National Archives, FO 371/3332/9748.

29. Savinkov’s testimony in ‘Sudebnoe razbiratel’stvo’, Pravda, 30 August 1924, pp. 4–5.

30. F. Grenard, La Revolution russe, p. 322.

31. Krasnaya kniga VChK, vol. 1, pp. 166–7.

32. Savinkov’s testimony in ‘Sudebnoe razbiratel’stvo’, Pravda, 30 August 1924, pp. 4–5.

33. G. A. Hill, Go Spy the Land, p. 207.

34. F. Grenard, La Revolution russe, p. 321.

35. J. Sadoul, Notes sur la revolution bolchevique, octobre 1917–janvier 1919, p. 405: letter to A. Thomas, 10 July 1918.

36. A. A. Ioffe to the People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs, copied to Lenin, Trotsky, Sverdlov and Zinoviev, June 1918: N. Ioffe, Moi otets Adol’f Abramovich Ioffe, pp. 65–6.

37. Sovnarkom, 15 July 1918: GARF, f. R-130, op. 2, d. 2.

38. J. Sadoul, Notes sur la revolution bolchevique, octobre 1917–janvier 1919, p. 405: letter to A. Thomas, 10 July 1918.

39. G. A. Hill, Go Spy the Land, pp. 210–11.

40. V. I. Lenin, Neizvestnye dokumenty, 1891–1922, p. 229.

41. Bolshevik Propaganda: Hearings before a Subcommittee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Sixty-Fifth Congress, Third Session and Thereafter Pursuant to Senate Resolutions 439 and 469 — February 11, 1919 to March 10, 1919, p. 947; J. Noulens, Mon ambassade en Russie Sovietique, 1917–1919, vol. 2, p. 146.

42. J. Noulens, Mon ambassade en Russie Sovietique, 1917–1919, vol. 2, p. 148.

43. Ibid., p. 149.

44. D. R. Francis, Russia from the American Embassy, April 1916–November 1918, pp. 248 and 250.

45. Bolshevik Propaganda: Hearings before a Subcommittee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, pp. 949–50.