Spies and Commissars

46. Ibid., p. 948.

47. W. Hard, Raymond Robins’ Own Story, p. 191; R. H. Bruce Lockhart report (Moscow), 13 May 1918: Milner Papers, dep. 365, fol. 2.

12. Subverting the Allies

1. Most notably in The State and Revolution: see Polnoe sobranie sochinenii, vol. 33.

2. I. S. Rozental’, Provokator. Roman Malinovskii: sud’ba i vremya, pp. 198– 207.

3. M. Occleshaw, Dances in Deep Shadows: The Clandestine War in Russia, 1917– 20, pp. 93–4; C. Andrew, Secret Service: The Making of the British Intelligence Community, pp. 261–2.

4. G. Nowik, Zanim zlamano „Enigme”. Polski radiowywiad podczas wojny z bolszewicka Rosja 1918–1920, pp. 866–9.

5. Kh. Rakovskii and K. Radek, 29 October 1918: P. N. Vrangel Collection (HIA), box 35, folder 10.

6. R. Blobaum, Feliks Dzierzynski and the SDKPiL: A Study of the Origins of Polish Communism, p. 30.

7. C. Sheridan, From Mayfair to Moscow: Clare Sheridan’s Diary, p. 95.

8. Ibid.

9. Bolshevik Propaganda: Hearings before a Subcommittee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Sixty-Fifth Congress, Third Session and Thereafter Pursuant to Senate Resolutions 439 and 469 — February 11, 1919 to March 10, 1919, p. 557.

10. G. A. Hill, Go Spy the Land, p. 154.

11. Karl Radek interview reported in ‘Anarchists as Bandits’, New York Times, 23 April 1923.

12. The Diaries of Robert Bruce Lockhart, 1915–1938, p. 35.

13. N. A. Ioffe, Moi otets Adol’f Abramovich Ioffe, p. 38.

14. S. Dzerzhinskaya, V gody velikikh boev, pp. 269–70; N. Zubov, F. E. Dzerzhinskii, pp. 219–21; A. E. Senn, Diplomacy and Revolution: The Soviet Mission to Switzerland, 1918, p. 100.

15. See here.

16. B. Thomson, Queer People (Hodder & Stoughton: London, 1922), p. 290.

17. Call, September 1918 (‘Dictatorship and Democracy’) and July 1919 (‘Towards a Revolutionary World War’).

18. R. H. Bruce Lockhart, Memoirs of a British Agent, Being an Account of the Author’s Early Life in Many Lands and of his Official Mission to Moscow in 1918, pp. 201–2.

19. B. Thomson, Queer People, p. 290.

20. See here.

21. C. Andrew and V. Mitrokhin, The Mitrokhin Archive: The KGB in Europe and the West, p. 37.

22. Report of the Dutch Legation in Petrograd, 15 September 1918: SF 401/3/2; Report from Stockholm, 12 September 1918: CX 050167; File on Ransome, 11.1.5 (no further indication); political report from ‘our representative’ in Helsinki, 1 May 1920: CX 3646. I am grateful to Andrew Cook for supplying secret service reports on Ransome.

23. The Times, 12 July 1918.

24. R. H. Bruce Lockhart to A. J. Balfour, 7 November 1918, p. 2: Robert Hamilton Bruce Lockhart Papers (HIA), box 12.

13. Germany Entreated

1. K. Baedeker, Russia with Teheran, Port Arthur, and Peking: Handbook for Travellers, pp. 334–5; F. J. Funk, ‘Fighting after the War’, Purdue Alumnus (n.d.), p. 7.

2. R. H. Bruce Lockhart report (Moscow), 18 July 1918: Milner Papers, dep. 365, fol. 147; ‘Proposals for Allied Enterprise for Russia (assuming French concurrence): ibid., dep. 364.

3. R. H. Bruce Lockhart report (Moscow), 21 July 1918: ibid., dep. 365, fols 156– 7.

4. Lord Reading report (Washington), p. 4, 3 July 1918: ibid., dep. 141; aide- memoire from Acting Secretary of State F. Polk, given to Lord Reading, 18 July 1918: ibid., dep. 365, fol. 154.

5. C. Kinvig, Churchill’s Crusade: The British Invasion of Russia, 1918–1920, pp. 23 and 28–9.

6. R. H. Ullman, Anglo-Soviet Relations, 1917–1921, vol. 1: Intervention and the War, p. 236.

7. See V. Barnett, A History of Russian Economic Thought, pp. 98–9.

8. Editorial, The Times, 13 July 1918.

9. Ibid., 18 July 1918.

10. Daily Herald, 14 December 1918.

11. Bolshevik Propaganda: Hearings before a Subcommittee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Sixty-Fifth Congress, Third Session and Thereafter Pursuant to Senate Resolutions 439 and 469 — February 11, 1919 to March 10, 1919, p. 950.

12. Director of Naval Intelligence, 14 June 1918, p. 2: FO 371/3331/9741. This memorandum is contained in Robert Bruce Lockhart Papers (HIA), box 11, folder 4.

13. A. A. Ioffe to the People’s Commissariat of Foreign Affairs, copied to Lenin, Trotsky, Sverdlov and Zinoviev, June 1918: N. Ioffe, Moi otets Adol’f Abramovich Ioffe, p. 66.

14. B. Pearce, How Haig Saved Lenin, pp. 66–8.

15. Ibid., pp. 33 and 45.

16. M. J. Larsons, ‘Au service des Soviets’, pp. 30–2: typescript, M. J. Larsons Papers (HIA), box 1.

17. N. A. Ioffe Papers (HIA), ‘Ob ottse’, p. 5.

18. Ibid., pp. 5–6.

19. Ibid., p. 6.

20. Ibid.

21. N. Ioffe, Moi otets Adol’f Abramovich Ioffe, p. 35; V. R. Menzhinskii to V. I. Lenin, 20 May 1918 in ibid., pp. 57–8.

22. A. A. Ioffe to V. I. Lenin, May 1918 in ibid., p. 60; M. J. Larsons, ‘Au service des Soviets’, p. 28: typescript, M. J. Larsons Papers (HIA), box 1.

23. N. Ioffe, Moi otets Adol’f Abramovich Ioffe, p. 35.

24. See below, pp. 300–3.

25. V. R. Menzhinskii to V. I. Lenin, 20 May 1918 in N. Ioffe, Moi otets Adol’f Abramovich Ioffe, pp. 57–8.

26. V. I. Lenin to L. B. Krasin, 11 August 1918: V. I. Lenin, Neizvestnye dokumenty, 1891– 1922, p. 284.

27. N. Ioffe, Moi otets Adol’f Abramovich Ioffe, pp. 35–6.