Stalin: A Biography

Stalina.

7. See R. Medvedev, Problems in the Literary Biography of Mikhail Sholokhov.

8. Exchange of letters between Stalin and Sholokhov in 1933, Voprosy istorii, no. 3 (1994), pp. 9–22.

9. See below, p. 333–4.

10. See above, p. 333.

11. GDMS, Hall III contains the original annotations.

12. I am grateful to Zakro Megreshvili for information about his stepfather Shalva Nutsubidze’s reaction to Stalin’s editorial work.

13. S. Allilueva, Tol’ko odin god, p. 337.

14. Krasnaya zvezda, 5 January 1995.

15. Istoriya sovetskoi politicheskoi tsenzury. Dokumenty i kommentarii, p. 484.

16. See below, p. 444.

17. See the translation in R. C. Tucker, Stalin in Power, pp. 205–6.

18. A. Akhmatova, Sochineniya, vol. 2, pp. 167–8

19. See below, p. 361.

20. See R. Service, A History of Twentieth-Century Russia, chap. 12.

21. See ibid. and C. Kelly, Refining Russia, pp. 285– 309.

28. Fears in Victory

1. See the OGPU reports in Tragediya sovetskoi derevni, vol. 3, pp. 318–54.

2. See R. W. Davies, Crisis and Progress in the Soviet Economy, 1931–1933, pp. 188–91; J. J. Rossman, ‘The Teikovo Cotton Workers’ Strike of April 1932’, pp. 50–66. For a general account see R. Conquest, Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivisation and the Terror-Famine.

3. See R. W. Davies and S. G. Wheatcroft, The Years of Hunger.

4. Stalin i Kaganovich: Perepiska, pp. 132 ff.

5. See A. Nove, An Economic History of the U.S.S.R., pp. 224–5 and 227.

6. I. V. Stalin, Sochineniya, vol. 13, p. 186. See the account in R. W. Davies, M. Ilic and O. Khlevnyuk, ‘The Politburo and Economic Policy-Making’, p. 114.

7. Stalin i Kaganovich: Perepiska, p. 260.

8. Ibid., p. 235.

9. See R. W. Davies, M. Ilic and O. Khlevnyuk, ‘The Politburo and Economic Policy-Making’, p. 110.

10. Letter of 18 June 1932: Stalin i Kaganovich. Perepiska., p. 179.

11. Ibid., pp. 282 and 290.

12. Ibid., p. 274.

13. Ibid., p. 359.

14. Ibid., p. 479.

15. See R. Conquest, Harvest of Sorrow; R. W. Davies, Crisis and Progress in the Soviet Economy; and R. W. Davies and S. G. Wheatcroft, The Years of Hunger.

16. Ibid., p. 241.

17. See E. A. Rees, ‘Republican and Regional Leaders at the XVII Party Congress in 1934’, especially pp. 85–6.

18. See R. Conquest, The Great Terror. A Reassessment, pp. 31–46

19. Semnadtsatyi s”ezd Vsesoyuznoi Kommunisticheskoi Partii (b), p. 262.

20. F. Benvenuti, ‘Kirov nella Politica Sovietica’, pp. 283, 303–7 and 315–59.

21. Lubyanka. Stalin i VChK–GPU-nOGPU–NKVD, p. 569.

22. See R. Conquest, The Great Terror: A Reassessment, pp. 39–52.

23. Lubyanka. Stalin i VChK–GPU–OGPU–NKVD, p. 650.

24. See R. W. Davies, Soviet History in the Yeltsin Era, p. 155.

25. Lubyanka. Stalin i VChK–GPU–OGPU–NKVD, p. 388.

26. See O. V. Khlevnyuk, 1937-i, p. 49.

27. See F. Benvenuti and S. Pons, Il sistema di potere dello Stalinismo, p. 105.

28. ITsKKPSS, no. 9 (1989), p. 39

29. Reabilitatsiya: politicheskie protsessy 30–50-kh godov, especially pp. 176– 9.

30. See F. Benvenuti, Fuoco sui sabotatori! Stachanovismo e organizzazione industriale in Urss, 1934–1938, chaps. 3 ff.

31. Lubyanka. Stalin i VChK–GPU–OGPU–NKVD, p. 749: report by A. Vyshin-ski to Stalin and Molotov, 16 February 1936.

32. See A. Nove, An Economic History of the USSR, p. 226.

33. Ibid., p. 227.

34. See R. Moorsteen and R. P. Powell, The Soviet Capital Stock, 1928–1962.

35. See A. Ponsi, Partito unico e democrazia in URSS. La Costituzione del ’36, pp. 20 ff.

36. See the data cited on religious groups by A. Luukkanen, The Religious Policy of the Stalinist State, pp. 142–7.

37. See O. V. Khlevnyuk, 1937-i, p. 53.

38. See S. Fitzpatrick, Stalin’s Peasants, pp. 289–96.

39. Le repressioni degli anni trenta nell’Armata Rossa, p. 156.

40. Lubyanka. Stalin i VChK–GPU–OGPU–NKVD, p. 753.

41. See B. Starkov, Dela i lyudi stalinskogo vremeni, p. 39.

42. Lubyanka. Stalin i VChK–GPU–OGPU–NKVD, p. 767.

29. Ruling the Nations

1. This is calculated from the figures of the 1926 census in V. Kozlov, The Peoples of the Soviet Union, p. 69.

2. S. Allilueva, Dvadtsat’ pisem k drugu, p. 29.

3. Zastol’nye rechi Stalina. Dokumenty i materialy, p. 158.

4. See above, p. 302.

5. Tak govoril Kaganovich, p. 48.

6. Iosif Vissarionovich Stalin (1938), p. 5.

7. K. Simonov, Glazami cheloveka moego pokoleniya, p. 37.

8. See S. Fitzpatrick, Stalin’s Peasants, pp. 289–96.

9. See F. Bettanin, La fabbrica del mito, p. 89.

10. G. Dimitrov, Diario. Gli anni di Mosca (1934–1945), p. 81.

11. See S. Crisp, ‘Soviet language Planning, 1917–1953’, pp. 27–9.

12. See S. Kuleshov and V. Strada, Il fascismo russo, pp. 229–38.

13. See T. Martin, The Affirmative Action Empire, pp. 206–7. See also H. Kuromiya, ‘The Donbass’, pp. 157–8.