104. Lloyd, English Society, chap. 4, ‘The Crusade of 1270– 1272: A Case Study’ and Appendix 4 contain the best account of the organization of the expedition; cf. Strayer, ‘Crusades’, pp. 509–13, 515; Richard, St Louis, pp. 306–15; Tyerman, England and the Crusades, pp. 124–32.
105. On these preparations, Richard St Louis, pp. 315–29.
106. John of Joinville, Life of Louis, p. 345.
107. Thomas Wykes, Chronicon, Annales Monastici, ed. Luard, iv, 217–18.
108. J. R. Maddicott, ‘The Crusade Taxation of 1268–70 and the Development of Parliament’, Thirteenth Century England, ed. P. Coss and S. Lloyd, ii (Woodbridge 1990).
109. Eracles, pp. 457–8.
110. The Dominican Geoffrey of Beaulieu, RHGF, xx, 20, and generally pp. 20–24.
111. An aspiration confirmed by Louis’s Dominican confessor Geoffrey of Beaulieu, RHGF, xx, 21, 25.
112. The pleasing legend is in William of Saint-Pathus, Vie de St Louis, ed. H.-F. Delaborde (Paris 1899), pp. 153–5; but cf. Geoffrey of Beaulieu, RHGF, xx, p. 23 and Guillaume de Nangis, RHGF, xx, 460–61, confirmed by the testimony of another eyewitness, one of Louis’s sons, Peter of Alenccon, John of Joinville, Life of Louis, p. 349; for Geoffrey administering the last rites, Primat, RHGF, xxiii, 57.
113. Richard, St Louis, pp. 329–32; Strayer, ‘Crusades’, pp. 516–17.
114. Tyerman, England and the Crusades, pp. 131 and 407; for Edward’s crusade, above note 104 and pp. 720, 722.
115. Lloyd, English Society, pp. 144–8; Tyerman, England and the Crusades, pp. 126–30.
116. John of Joinville, Life of Louis, p. 163, cf. p. 351.
117. E.g. by the officials of Philip VI in the 1330s.
118. Mayer, Crusades, p. 283; Throop, Criticism, p. 232 and passim.
119. Throop, Criticism, pp. 229–30 for the account by James I of Aragon, who was there.
120. For a discussion of these, Throop, Criticism, pp. 69–213; but cf. Siberry, Criticism of Crusading, for a different view, on which see Mayer, Crusades, pp. 320–21.
121. Ed. H. Finke, Konzilienstudien zur Geschichte des 13 Jahrhunderts (Munster 1891), Anhang, pp. 113–17; trans. N. Housley, Documents on the Later Crusades 1274–1580 (Basingstoke 1996), pp. 16–21. See the comments of Riley-Smith, Short History, pp. 176–8.
122. Throop, Criticism, p. 228.
123. Gregory X, Registres, no. 569.
124. P. Guido, Rationes decimarum Italiae nei secoli XIIIe Xiv. Tuscia: la decima degli anni 1274–1290, Studi e Testi, LVIII (Vatican City 1932), esp. pp. xli – xliii.
125. Jackson, Mongols, pp. 165–95.
126. Salimbene of Adam, Chronicle, pp. 504, 505.
127. Mayer, Crusades, p. 286.
128. Holt, Age of Crusades, p. 102.
129. Gestes des Chiprois, iii, and Crawford, Templar of Tyre, chaps, 473 and 474; Runciman, History of the Crusades, iii, 405–6.
130. Above, chapter 22, p. 732; the best Frankish local account is that of the Templar of Tyre, trans. Crawford, chap. Templar of Tyre, 396–516.; cf. Ibn Furat, Ayyubids.
131. Ismai il Abu’l-Fida, trans. Holt, Age of Crusades, p. 104; for an inside view on the siege of Acre, Crawford, Templar of Tyre, chaps. 482–508; cf. Runciman, History of the Crusades, iii, 414, note 2 for western sources; Gabrieli, Arab Historians, pp. 344–50.
132. Holt, Age of Crusades, p. 104.
133. Gestes des Chyprois, iii and Crawford, Templar of Tyre, chap. 513.
134. Runciman, History of the Crusades, iii, 423; Mayer, Crusades, p. 287.
25: The Eastern Crusades in the Later Middle Ages
1. J. Moorman, A History of the Franciscan Order (Oxford 1968), p. 436.
2. B. Kedar and S. Schein, ‘Un projet de “passage particulier”’, Bibliotheque de l’Ecole des Chartes, 137 (1979), 221; Philippe de Mezieres, Epistre Lamentable, ed. K. de Lettenhove in Froissart, Chroniques, xvi (Brussels 1872), 491.
3. Philippe de Mezieres, Le Songe du Vieil Pelerin, ed. G. W. Coopland (Cambridge 1969); N. Iorga, Philippe de Mezieres (1327–1405) et la croisade au XIVe siecle (Paris 1896); C. J. Tyerman, ‘Marino Sanudo Torsello and the Lost Crusade: Lobbying in the Fourteenth Century’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 5th series, vol. 32 (1982), 57–73.
4. John Froissart, Chronicles of England, France, Spain etc., trans. T. Johnes (London 1839), ii, 584–8; Tyerman, ‘Sanudo’.
5. Bibliotheque Nationale (Paris), MS Latin 11015 fols. 32 recto–54 verso for Guy’s treatise, fols. 39 recto–41 recto for the section on poisons.
6. Bongars, Gesta Dei Per Francos, ii, 30–31, 36–7, 75–7; F. Cardini, ‘I costi della crociata’, Studi in memoria di Frederigo Melis (Naples 1978), pp. 179–210; N. Housley, ‘Costing the Crusade’, The Experience of Crusading, i, ed. M. Bull and N. Housley (Cambridge 2003), 48.
7. Le Voyage d’Outremer de Bertrandon de la Brocquiere, ed. C. Schefer, Recueil de voyages et de documents pour server a l’histoire de la geographie depuis le xiiie jusqu’a la fin du xvie siecle, xii (Paris 1892), 267–74, esp. p. 274.
8. Benedetto Accolti, De bello a Christiani contra Barbaros Gesta, RHC Occ., v, 532–3 et seq.; cf. a useful summary, M. Meserve, ‘Italian Humanists and the Problem of the Crusade’, Crusading in the Fifteenth Century, ed. N. Housley (Basingstoke 2004), pp. 13–38.
9. For a useful general survey, N. Housley, The Later Crusades (Oxford 1992).
10. C. J. Tyerman, ‘Philip V of France, the Assemblies of 1319–20 and the Crusade’, Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research, 57 (1984), 15–34; idem, ‘Sed Nihil Fecit? The Last Capetians and the Recovery of the Holy Land’, War and Government in the Middle Ages, ed. Gillingham and Holt, pp. 170–81.
11. C. J. Tyerman, ‘Philip VI and the Recovery of the Holy Land’, English Historical Review, 100 (1985), 25–52.
12. Philip V to Louis count of Clermont, July 1319, Archives Nationales (Paris) MS JJ 60,
