вы, the second-person plural form is used in more polite and formal address. (However, the informal style is uncommon in mathematical writing.) Вы is also used to express plurality when more than one person is addressed in conversation.
1. The following table lists the personal pronouns in the nominative case.
я (I) | мы (we) | |||
ты (you) | вы (you) | |||
он (he, it) она (she, it) оно (it) | они (they) | |||
2. The third-person personal pronouns, in the singular and plural, prefix an н- when they are objects of a prepositional phrase.
его:
ним:
B. The Possessive Pronoun-Adjectives |
Presentation of the possessive pronoun-adjectives is best divided into two categories: first- and second- person pronouns and third-person pronouns.
1. First- and second-person possessive pronouns. The pronouns of the first- and second- person agree with the noun possessed in gender, number, and case. Also, in Russian, there is no distinction (as in English) between 'my X' and 'mine,' 'your X' and 'yours,' etc.
a. The pronouns in the nominative.
1st person singular (my, mine): мой (
2nd person singular (your, yours): твой (
1st person plural (our, ours): наш (
2nd person plural (your, yours): ваш (
b. Examples of the possessive pronouns.
моё решение > my solution
Это решение моё. > This solution is mine.
наша задача > our problem
Эта задача наша. > This problem is ours.
2. Third-person possessive pronouns. These pronouns often cause some confusion; they are identical in form to the genitive of the third-person personal pronouns.
Unlike the first- and second-person possessive pronouns, the third-person pronouns do not agree in gender, number, or case with the noun possessed, nor do they ever change form. They are: его (his), её (her, hers), их (their, theirs).
Её профессор читал доклад. > Her professor read the paper.
Он говорил с её профессором. > He spoke with her professor.
The second sentence above indicates that unlike the third-person personal pronouns, these possessive pronouns never prefix н- when they are part of the object of a preposition.
3. The pronoun свой declines like мой, твой. This pronoun-adjective helps to avoid certain ambiguities often found in English: e.g., 'He read his paper' ('his' may refer to the subject of the clause, 'he,' or to another male previously indicated).
Он читал его доклад. > He read (gave) his (someone else's) paper.
Он читал свой доклад. > He read (gave) his (own) paper.
The pronoun свой and the subject to which it refers must be in the same clause or sentence.
C. The Demonstrative Pronouns |