The Whisperers

1529'>283

exposed (1956), 594

families ostracized, 285–92

and labour supply, 423, 427

mass (1930s), 73, 76, 112, 113, 191, 231, 234, 235, 279, 303, 335, 351, 584, 602, 630, 643

‘mistaken’, 141, 272, 273, 275, 278, 279, 284, 305, 309

preparation for, 241–7, 277, 304

review (1939), 279, 280

speaking out against, 231–2, 281–5

wartime, 392

Arsenteva, Zoia, 331–2, 332

Artek holiday camp, 129, 249

Artseulov family, 292–3

asceticism, Bolshevik ideal, 14–19, 30, 158, 161

Avdeyenko, Aleksandr, 192, 193, 195

Averbakh, Leopold, 256

‘Averbakhians’, 281

Axis Powers, threat, 235–6, 371–2, 467

Babak, Marina, 621

Babel, Isaak, 251, 280

Babitskaia, Liuba (nee Ivanova, formerly Golovnia), 170, 557, 557–9

Babitsky, Boris, 168, 168, 169, 170, 195, 366, 558

Babitsky, Volik, 168, 170, 170, 366, 367

Babi Yar massacre (1941), 570, 571

Babushkina, Lydia, 598–9, 650

Bagirov, M. D., 585

Baigulova, Elena, 183

Baikal–Amur railway, 468, 581

Baitalsky, Mikhail, 30–31, 180, 641–2

Baku, Institute of Medicine, 585–6

Baltic Factory, 648

Baltic States

Soviet invasion (1939), 372–3

Soviet rule, 537

Bamlag complex, 581, 585

Bargin, Ivan, 424–5

Barinov, Sergei, 358, 368

Basmachi Muslim rebels, 200

Bazanov, Filipp, 216

Begicheva, Natalia, 494, 497

Belarus (Belorussia), 89, 105, 106, 108, 164, 260

anti-Semitism, 509

Jews, emancipation, 69

orphanages, 99, 235

post-war arrests, 467, 468, 469

Belbaltlag labour camp, 113–14

Belikova, Zinaida, 528

Belinsky, Vissarion, 494

Belykh, Gregorii, 12–13

Berg, Raisa, 24

Berggolts, Olga, 523

Beria, Lavrenty

and amnesty (1953–4), 530, 536–7

arrests, review, 279, 280

East German reforms (1953), 537

execution, 537

fear of, 526, 527

and Gulag system, 468, 527, 530