The Crimean War

von

Lipkin, Capt Nikolai (Russian navy), letters from Sevastopol

Liprandi, Lt-Gen Pavel (12th Inf Div): at Balaklava at Inkerman Chernaia river battle

lithographs: images from the war Her Majesty the Queen Inspecting the Wounded Coldstream Guards … (Gilbert) see also photography

Loizillon, Henri (army engineer): inside the Mamelon worried about continuing war writes of dead friends writes of rumours

Lombardy, transferred to France and to Piedmont

Lombardy-Venetia, Italo-Austrian contention

London, Treaty of (1827) see also Convention of London

Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, translation of verse by Jorge Manrique

Longworth, John: British government agent in the Caucasus rejects support for Shamil movement warns Britain to oppose Ottomans in Caucasus

Louis Napoleon, President of France (later Napoleon III): asserts French interests in Europe coup d’etat (1851) courts Catholic opinion see also Napoleon III, Emperor of France

Louis-Napoleon, French Prince Imperial, birth of

Lucan, Lt-Gen George Bingham, 3rd earl failure to take opportunities at Balaklava Charge of the Light Brigade letters to Raglan tents unfit for habitation recalled

Lyde, Revd. Samuel, focus of Muslim riot

Lyons, Rear Admiral Sir Edward, Sevastopol invasion fleet

Macintosh, Maj-Gen Alexander, Journal of the Crimea

Mackenzie Heights, reserve hospital

Mackenzie’s Farm

MacMahon, Gen Patrice de, taking of the Malakhov Bastion

Magna Carta, influence on Ottoman parliament

Mahmud II, Sultan: appeals for help against Mehmet Ali of Egypt continues Selim’s [Westernizing] reforms declares jihad after Navarino

Mahmud Pasha, grand admiral Turkish navy

Mahmud Bek (governor of Nablus)

Malakhov Bastion (Sevastopol) assault (June 6, 1855) battle (June 18, 1855) taken by the French (Sept. 1855) remembered in France

Malmesbury, James Howard Harris, 3rd Earl, complains of La Valette

Mamelon (Sevastopol)

Manchester Times (newspaper)

Mandt Dr Martin Wilhelm von, physician to Tsar Nicholas I

Manrique, Jorge

Maria Alexandrovna, Grand Duchess

Maria Fedorovna, Empress [Dowager], Ypsilantis and

Mariupol see Kerch, allied raid (1855)

La Marmora, General Alfonso (Piedmont-Sardinia)

Maronite Christians, massacred by Druzes and Muslims (1860)

Marsh, Catherine, Memorials of Captain Hedley Vicars, Ninety-Seventh Regiment

Martineau, Harriet

Marx, Karl: the Anglo-French ‘anticlimax’ on Anglo-Turkish trade campaigns against Russia comment on the Russian army

Mayran, General, leads Malakhov assault

Mazzini, Giuseppe

McClellan, George B., US General

medals: Nakhimov Medal Victoria Cross

medical supplies, left at Varna by British

medical treatment: American help for Russians British hospitals conditions for British troops in the field French hospitals French standards drop nurses and nursing Russian hospitals shell shock/combat stress at Sinope triage see also anaesthetics; cholera, Scutari military hospital

Mehmet Pasha (governor of Jerusalem)

Mehmet Ali Pasha, Grand Vizier becomes head of the ‘war party’ Commander-in-Chief Turkish army

Mehmet Ali, ruler of Egypt: challenge to both Ottomans and Russia Convention of Kutahya (1833) Islamist aspirations quells Greek uprising recognized as hereditary ruler of Egypt second insurrection against the Sultan (1839 – 40)

Mehmet Husrev, Grand Vizier (1839 – 41)

Melbourne, William Lamb, 2nd Viscount

Menshikov, Prince Alexander Sergeyevich, commander-in-chief Crimea mission to Constantinople (1853) counsels caution to the Tsar at Alma inadequate defences in Sevastopol leaves Sevastopol for Bakhchiserai at the Belbek river reinforcements from Danubian front opposed to new offensive after Balaklava receives reinforcements from Bessarabia at Inkerman explains Inkerman atrocities refuses truce to clear dead and wounded recommends abandonment of Sevastopol dismissed after Evpatoria battle (1855)

Merimee, Prosper

Metternich, Klemens Wenzel, Prince von

Mexico, French invasion

Meyendorff, Baron (Russian ambassador in Vienna)

Mickiewicz, Adam Livre des pelerins polonais

Mieczyslawska, Mother Makrena (Abbess)

Mihailo Obrenovi Prince, of Serbia

Mikhail Nikolaevich, Grand Duke rebuke for Tolstoy

Mikhailova, Daria (Dasha Sevastopolskaia)

Mikhno, Nikolai

‘The Military Gazette’, Tolstoy’s magazine

Miliutin, Dmitry: army reforms mission to Serbia

millet system Balkan nationalist movements and Hatt-i Humayun reforms

Milosevich, Nikolai, comment on aftermath of Chernaia

Minie rifles: at Alma artillery ineffective against at Balaklava with Circassian tribes at Inkerman loss of 10 million rounds in hurricane Polish ‘Zouaves’

Minsk, persecution of Catholic nuns

Mismer, Charles (French dragoon): on French rations living with shelling

missions: Anglican in Ottoman Empire Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in Jerusalem

Modena, monarch restored

Moldavia autonomy granted (1829) cereal exports to Britain debated at Paris Peace Congress (1856) Greek uprising (1821) hospodar ordered to reject Turkish rule preliminaries to Crimean War (1853) Russian occupation of (1829 – 34) Russian response to 1848 revolution see also Romania

Molenes, Paul de (Spahi officer): at Evpatoria observations at Varna

Monsell, Revd J.S.B., ‘What will they say in England …’

Montalembert, Charles

Montefiore, Moses, Balaklava railway

Montenegrins

Montenegro: pan-Slav movement and revolts by Christians

Montreux Convention (1936), revision demanded by Soviets

morale: allied camps after Malakhov and Redan failure crucial element in battle decline of in British Army Russians at Inkerman in Sevastopol after Balaklava in Sevastopol from June 1855

Morley, Cpl Thomas (17th Lancers)

Morning Advertiser (newspaper)

Morning Chronicle (newspaper)

Morning Courier (newspaper)

Morning Herald (newspaper)

Morny, Charles-Auguste, Duc de: contact with Russians diplomacy over Black Sea and Danubian principalities

Moscow Slavic Benevolent Committee

Moskvitianin (Moscow journal)

Mosley, Godfrey (paymaster 20th Regt of Foot)

mosques, converted to churches by Russians

Mount Athos

Mount Inkerman (Little Inkerman): Russian attack see also Inkerman, battle of

Muhammed Emin (Shamil’s emissary)

Mundy, Lt-Col George V. (33rd Foot), letter home

Munro, Sgt (93rd Highland Bde)

Muraviev, General, siege of Kars

Muridism, in the Caucasus

Musa Pasha, commandent of Silistria

Muslims: exodus of from Russian territory post-War expelled from conquered teritory Mehmet Ali revival opposition to Hatt-i Humayun opposition to Tanzimat reforms reaction to Danubian principalities occupations resentment against Christians rumours about European allies and about Russia Russo-Turkish War revenge attacks see also Islam

Mussad Giray

Mustafa Pasha, virtual governor-general of Circassia

Mustafa Reshid Pasha agrees to war option endeavour to prevent escalation of war (1853) n opposition to Hatt-i Humayun rivalry with Mehmet Ali Pasha stalls Menshikov threatened by religious students

Nablus, riots and attacks on Christians

Nakhichevan khanate

Nakhimov, Vice-Admiral Pavel: at Sinope (1853) defence of Sevastopol death of commemoration

Nakhimov Medal

Nanking, Treaty of (1842)

Napier, Admiral Sir Charles RN: Baltic campaign (1854) attack on Bomarsund

Napier, Francis, Lord (British ambassador in St Petersburg)

Napoleon I, Emperor of France: conquest of Egypt (1798) India expedition considered influence of the ‘Testament of Peter the Great’ Polish hopes thwarted

Napoleon III, Emperor of France aims of for the Crimea Alushta ‘Emperor’s plan’ ambivalent about a pan-European war arouses fears in Europe’s capitals censorship and control of the press control of Canrobert council of war with allied