See Robert C. Post, Constitutional Domains: Democracy, Community, Management (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1995), 199–267.
See CyberPromotions, Inc. v. America Online, Inc., 948 FSupp 436 (EDPa 1996) (holding that a company has no free speech right under the United States, Pennsylvania, or Virginia Constitutions to send unsolicited e-mail over the Internet to a competitor's customers).
Nunziato, 'The Death of the Public Forum in Cyberspace,' 1121.
E-mail from Alan Rothman to David R. Johnson (February 5, 2006) (on file with author): 'When CC permanently went offline in June 1999, several members had established two new forums over on in anticipation of this on Delphi called Counsel Cafe and Counsel Politics. The end was approaching and this was viewed as a virtual lifeboat for the devoted and cohesive community that had thrived on CC. About 100 CC survivors washed up together to settle in these new forums. Both were established as being private but members were allowed to invite friends.'
See Elizabeth Reid, 'Hierarchy and Power: Social Control in Cyberspace,' in Commu- nities in Cyberspace, edited by Marc A. Smith and Peter Kollock (London: Routledge, 1999), 109.
See Josh Quittner, 'Johnny Manhattan Meets the Furry Muckers,' Wired (March 1994): 92, available at http:// www.wired.com/wired/archive/2.03/muds.html (cached: http://www.webcitation.org/5IwtTXfb0).
See Julian Dibbell, 'A Rape in Cyberspace,' Village Voice, December 23, 1993, 36, 37, available at http://loki.stockton.edu/~kinsellt/stuff/dibbelrapeincyberspace.html (cached: http://www.webcitation.org/5IwtVySlI).
In particular, see Dibbell's extraordinary My Tiny Life: Crime and Passion in a Virtual World (London: Fourth Estate, 1998).
If anything, the sexuality of the space invited adolescent responses by adolescents; see Scott Bukatman, Terminal Identity: The Virtual Subject in Postmodern Science Fiction (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1993), 326. On MOOs in particular, see Dibbell, My Tiny Life . The challenge for the community was to construct norms that would avoid these responses without destroying the essential flavor of the space.
Dibbell, My Tiny Life, 24–25.
See Rebecca Spainhower, 'Virtually Inevitable': Real Problems in Virtual Communities (Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press, 1994), available at
