Code 2.0

http://web.archive.org/web/19990202105057re_/vesta.physics.ucla.edu/~smolin/lambda/laws_and_history/ballothi story (cached: http://www.webcitation.org/5KcFzqBdg).

38.

Ibid.

39.

For a rich account of both the democracy and how it functions, and the implications for self-regulation with a MUD, see Jennifer Mnookin, 'Virtual(ly) Law: The Emergence of Law on LambdaMOO,' Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 2 (1996): 1.

40.

Hafner and Lyon, Where Wizards Stay Up Late, 216. 'Flaming' is e-mail or other elec tronic communication that expresses exaggerated hostility; see Gurak, Persuasion and Privacy in Cyberspace, 88.

41.

Mnookin, 'Virtual(ly) Law,' 14.

42.

One student of mine studied this behavior and concluded that the difference was sig nificant. That study was limited, however, by a relatively small sample. On the question more generally, Gurak reaches a different conclusion about whether cyberspace remedies gender imbalances; Persuasion and Privacy in Cyberspace, 104–13.

43.

Audio Tape: Interview with Julian Dibbell (1/6/06) (on file with author).

44.

MMOGCHART.com Home Page, available at http://mmogchart.com/ (cached: http://www.webcitation.org/5IwtbpPE9).

45.

Audio Tape: Interview with Philip Rosedale (1/13/06) (on file with author).

46.

Castronova, Synthetic Worlds, 2.

47.

Julian Dibbell, 'Dragon Slayers or Tax Evaders?,' Legal Affairs (Jan./Feb. 2006): 47.

48.

Castronova, Synthetic Worlds, 19.

49.

Audio Tape: Interview with Philip Rosedale (1/16/06) (on file with author).

50.

Lawrence Lessig, Free Culture: The Nature and Future of Creativity (New York: Penguin, 2004), 2–3, discussing United States v. Causby, U.S. 328 (1946): 256, 261. The Court did find that there could be a 'taking' if the government's use of its land effectively destroyed the value of the Causbys' land. This example was suggested to me by Keith Aoki's wonderful piece, '(Intellectual) Property and Sovereignty: Notes Toward a Cultural Geography of Authorship,' Stanford Law Review 48 (1996): 1293, 1333. See also Paul Goldstein, Real Property (Minneola, N.Y.: Foundation Press, 1984), 1112–13.

51.

St. George Tucker, Blackstone's Commentaries 3 (South Hackensack, N.J.: Rothman Reprints, 1969), 18.

52.

J. D. Lasica, Darknet: Hollywood's War Against the Digital Generation (New York: Wiley, 2005), 248.

53.

Ibid., 246.