Matt Ridley

1. Chorney, M. J., Chorney, K., Seese, N., Owen, M. J., Daniels, J., McGuffin, P., Thompson, L. A., Detterman, D. K., Benbow, C, Lubinski, D., Eley, T. and Plomin, R. (1998). A quantitative trait locus associated with cognitive ability in children. Psychological Science 9: 1-8.

2. Galton, F. (1883). Inquiries into human faculty. Macmillan, London.

3. Goddard, H. H. (1920), quoted in Gould, S. J. (1981). The mismeasure of man. Norton, New York.

4. Neisser, U. et al. (1996). Intelligence: knowns and unknowns. American Psychologist 51: 77—101.

5. Philpott, M. (1996). Genetic determinism. In Tam, H. (ed.), Punishment, excuses and moral development. Avebury, Aldershot.

6. Wright, L. (1997). Twins: genes, environment and the mystery of identity. Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London.

7. Scarr, S. (1992). Developmental theories for the 1990s: development and individual differences. Child Development 63: 1 —19.

8. Daniels, M., Devlin, B. and Roeder, K. (1997). Of genes and IQ. In Devlin, B., Fienberg, S. E., Resnick, D. P. and Roeder, K. (eds), Intelligence, genes and success. Copernicus, New York.

9. Herrnstein, R. J. and Murray, C. (1994). The bell curve. The Free Press, New York.

10. Haier, R. et al. (1992). Intelligence and changes in regional cerebral glucose metabolic rate following learning. Intelligence 16: 415—26.

11. Gould, S. J. (1981). The mismeasure of man. Norton, New York.

12. Furlow, F. B., Armijo-Prewitt, T., Gangestead, S. W. and Thornhill, R.

(1997). Fluctuating asymmetry and psychometric intelligence. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B 264: 823—9.

13. Neisser, U. (1997). Rising scores on intelligence tests. American Scientist 85: 440-47-B I B L I O G R A P H Y A N D N O T E S 3 2 1

C H R O M O S O M E 7

Evolutionary psychology, the theme of this chapter, is explored in several books, including Jerome Barkow, Leda Cosmides and John Tooby's The adapted mind (Oxford University Press, 1992), Robert Wright's The moral animal (Pantheon, 1994), Steven Pinker's How the mind works (Penguin, 1998) and my own The red queen (Viking, 1993). The origin of human language is explored in Steven Pinker's The language instinct (Penguin, 1994) and Terence Deacon's The symbolic species (Penguin, 1997).

1. For the death of Freudianism: Wolf, T. (1997). Sorry but your soul just died. The Independent on Sunday, 2 February 1997. For the death of Meadism: Freeman, D. (1983). Margaret Mead and Samoa: the making and unmaking of an anthropological myth. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA; Freeman, D. (1997). Frans Boas and 'The flower of heaven'. Penguin, London.

For the death of behaviourism: Harlow, H. F., Harlow, M. K. and Suomi, S. J. (1971). From thought to therapy: lessons from a primate laboratory.

American Scientist 59: 538-49.

2. Pinker, S. (1994). The language instinct the new science of language and mind.

Penguin, London.

3. Dale, P. S., Simonoff, E., Bishop, D. V. M., Eley, T. C, Oliver, B., Price, T. S., Purcell, S., Stevenson, J. and Plomin, R. (1998). Genetic influence on language delay in two-year-old children. Nature Neuroscience 1: 324—8; Paulesu, E. and Mehler, J. (1998). Right on in sign language. Nature 392: 233~4-4. Carter, R. (1998). Mapping the mind. Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London.

5. Bishop, D. V. M., North, T. and Donlan, C. (1995). Genetic basis of specific language impairment: evidence from a twin study. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 37: 56—71.

6. Fisher, S. E., Vargha-Khadem, F., Watkins, K. E., Monaco, A. P. and Pembrey, M. E. (1998). Localisation of a gene implicated in a severe speech and language disorder. Nature Genetics 18: 168— 70.

7. Gopnik, M. (1990). Feature-blind grammar and dysphasia. Nature 344: 715.

8. Fletcher, P. (1990). Speech and language deficits. Nature 346: 226; Vargha- Khadem, F. and Passingham, R. E. (1990). Speech and language deficits.

Nature 346: 226.

3 2 2 G E N O M E

9. Gopnik, M., Dalakis, J., Fukuda, S. E., Fukuda, S. and Kehayia, E.

(1996). Genetic language impairment: unruly grammars. In Runciman, W. G., Maynard Smith, J. and Dunbar, R. I. M. (eds), Evolution of social behaviour patterns in primates and man, pp. 223—49. Oxford University Press, Oxford; Gopnik, M. (ed.) (1997). The inheritance and innateness of grammars. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

10. Gopnik, M. and Goad, H. (1997). What underlies inflectional error patterns in genetic dysphasia? Journal of Neurolinguistics 10: 109—38; Gopnik, M. (1999)- Familial language impairment: more English evidence. Folia Pho-netica et Logopaedia 51: in press. Myrna Gopnik, e-mail correspondence with the author, 1998.