men, and great shouting also from the troops of Tissaphernes, cheering on theirs. 46. Xenophon, riding along on horseback, encouraged his party, saying, 'Consider, soldiers, that you are now contending for Greece; that after a brief struggle now, we shall march the rest of the way without fighting, to join our children and our wives.' 47. Soterides, a Sicyonian, cried out, 'We are not upon an equality, Xenophon; for you are carried on a horse, while I have hard work to carry my shield.' 48. Xenophon, on hearing this remark, leaped from his horse, pushed Soterides from the ranks, took from him his shield, and marched on with it as fast as he was able. He happened however to have on his horseman's corslet, so that he was distressed. Yet he continued to exhort the men in front to lead on gently, and those behind, who followed with difficulty, to come up. 49. But the rest of the soldiers beat and threw stones at Soterides, and reviled him, till they obliged him to resume his shield and march in his place. Xenophon, remounting, led the way, as long as it was passable for his horse, on horseback, but when it became impassable, he left his horse behind, and hastened forward on foot. Thus they got the start of the enemy, and arrived first at the summit.
[Footnote 145: [Greek: Krêpis d' hypên lithinê, k. t. l.]] The foundation appears to have risen twenty feet above the ground; so that the whole height of the wall would be a hundred and twenty feet. Mr. Ainsworth says that he found the ruins of the brick wall at Resen, which he considers to be the same with Larissa, 'based on a rude and hard conglomerate rock, giving to them all the solidity and characteristics of being built of stone.'
[Footnote 146: Cyrus the Great.]
[Footnote 147: [Greek: Elambanon].] That the Medes did not willingly submit, but were overcome by force, is testified by Herodotus, and is apparent from what is said here; whence it follows that [Greek: lambanein tên archên para tinos] may be applied even when those who lose the government are forcibly deprived of it. Xenophon however is at variance with himself in the Cyropædia, where Cyrus is said to have succeeded to the throne by a marriage with the daughter of Cyaxares.
[Footnote 148: [Greek: Hêlion de nephelê prokalypsasa êphanise].] This reading has been adopted by Dindorf and others, from a conjecture of Brodæus or Muretus; the manuscripts have all [Greek: hêlios de nephelên prokalypsas], except two, one of which has the [Greek: n] erased in [Greek: nephelên], and the other [Greek: nephelê]. Those who read with Dindorf refer to Plutarch de Placit. Philosoph. ii. 24, where the cause of an eclipse of the sun is said by some philosophers to be
[Footnote 149: [Greek: Exelipon].] Hutchinson and Weiske interpret this word
[Footnote 150: [Greek: Euros].] We must understand the length of each side.]
[Footnote 151: [Greek: Epi tautês].] There might be steps on the outside on which they might climb.]
[Footnote 152: [Greek: Teichos].] Now called
[Footnote 153: [Greek: Konchuliaton].] 'It is a curious fact, that the common building-stone of Mosul (near Mespila) is highly fossiliferous, and indeed replete with shells, characteristic of a tertiary or supra-cretaceous deposit; and the same lime-stone does not occur far to the north or south of Mosul, being succeeded by wastes of gypsum.''
[Footnote 154: [Greek: Embrontêtous poiei].] 'Jupiter makes the inhabitants thunderstruck.' 'He rendered them,' says Sturz, 'either stupid or mad.']
[Footnote 155: [Greek: Skythai toxotai].] As there is no mention of Scythians in the whole Anabasis, Krüger, in his larger edition, suggested that the word [Greek: Skythai] might have been written in the margin by some sciolist, who was thinking of the Athenian [Greek: toxotai]; but in his smaller edition he has shown that he has learned something better from Arrian, Tact. ii. 13: 'Those of the cavalry who use bows are called [Greek: hippotoxotai], and by some [Greek: Skythai].'
[Footnote 156: In order that they might fall with the greater weight.
[Footnote 157: [Greek: Ponêrôs].] From [Greek: ponêros],
[Footnote 158: [Greek: Kai euepitheton hên entautha tois polemiois]. I have rendered this phrase agreeably to the notion of Krüger, who thinks [Greek: euepitheton] used absolutely, or as a substantive. Some, however, understand [Greek: to plaision], or [Greek: to strateuma], which is perhaps better.]
[Footnote 159: [Greek: Enômotarchas].] The [Greek: enômotia] being the fourth part of a [Greek: lochos], or twenty-five men. See Xen. De Rep. Lac. ii. 4; Arnold's Thucyd. v. 68.]
[Footnote 160: As there were six companies of a hundred men each, they moved into the vacant space, if it was but narrow, by centuries, that is, six men in front, and a hundred deep; if it was somewhat broader, by fifties, that is, twelve men in front, and fifty deep; if very broad, by twenty-fives, that is, twenty-four men in front, and twenty-five deep.
[Footnote 161: [Greek: En tô merei].] Each in his place; one after another in the order which had been previously appointed.]
[Footnote 162: [Greek: Ên hê kômê].] Schneider, Bornemann, and most editors before Dindorf, read [Greek: kômê],
[Footnote 163: According to the discipline of the Persians; see Herod, vii. 21, 56, 223.]
[Footnote 164: This is the first mention of surgeons in the Greek army, as Mr. Stanford observes, since the time of Homer. But whether the persons here mentioned were professed surgeons, or merely some of the soldiers, who, in long service, had gained experience in the treatment of wounds, is uncertain. The latter supposition is more in consonance with the word
[Footnote 165: [Greek: Poly gar diepheron --hormôntes -- poreuomenoi].] The manuscripts present some variations here. Bornemann's text is the same as Dindorf's. Kühner prefers [Greek: diepheren -- hormôntas --poreuomenous], expressing a doubt whether the other method be really Greek.]
[Footnote 166: [Greek: Dei --Persê andri].] Most commentators concur in taking this as an example of the rarer construction of [Greek: dei] with the dative; though it has been suggested whether [Greek: Persê andri] may be the dative after [Greek: episaxai], as if a Persian horse-soldier had an attendant to equip his horse for him.]
[Footnote 167: [Greek: Episaxai].] Spelman quarrels with D'Ablancourt for translating this word by 'saddle,' and adopts in his own version 'housings,' which I have borrowed from him, from inability to find a better word.]
[Footnote 168: [Greek: To stratopedon].] Apparently for the place where they intended to encamp. It seems needless to understand, with Krüger, 'castra interea à lixis et calonibus posita.']
[Footnote 169: [Greek: Anazeuxantes].] [Greek: Anazeuxai],
[Footnote 170: The enemy had not occupied the highest part of the mountain, but a lower position upon it.
