«Keen Drama: A Razor Is Born», Newsweek, Oct. 11, 1971, pp. 78–82; John M. Lee, «Gillette Will Market Its New Product in Two Cities», The New York Times, Aug. 27, 1963, p. 41; «Blade-Snatching», Newsweek, Nov. 22, 1962, pp. 89–90; «How Gillette Plans to Keep Its No. 1 Spot», Printers Time, Dec. 4, 1959, pp. 65–66; Kenneth S. Smith, «Razor Blade War Growing Hotter», The New York Times, Dec. 2, 1962; Richard Austin Smith, op. cit., p. 100; «Gillette Plans to Offer Stainless Steel Razor Blade in Few Months», The Wall Street Journal, Nov. 19, 1962, p. 7; Neil Ulman, «Gillette Chair man Takes a Long View in Program to Brighten Profit Picture», The Wall Street Journal, June 28, 1977, p. 12.
127
Andrew S. Grove, Only the Paranoid Survive: How to Exploit the Crisis Points That Challenge Every Company and Career, Currency/Doubleday/Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, New York, 1996.
128
Другие источники: Paul E. Ceruzzi, A History of Modern Computing, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1999; Paul Freiberger and Michael Swaine, Fire in the Valley: The Making of the Personal Computer, Osborne/McGraw-Hill, Berkeley, CA, 1984; Grove, op. cit.; Tim Jackson, Inside Intel, Dutton/Penguin Putnam, New York, 1997; Albert Yu, Creating the Digital Future: The Secrets of Consistent Innovation at Intel, Free Press/Simon & Schuster, New York, 1998.
129
Томсону должно быть обидно, что первым идею разработать браузер в NCSA предложил он, а работа и вся слава достались Андреессену. Его позиция удачно изложена в Alan Deutschman, «Imposter Boy», Gentleman's Quarterly, January 1997. Однако история инноваций и рынков пестрит такими примерами, некоторые из них приведены в этой книге. Успех приходит не к тем, кто был первым, а к тем, кто обладает видением и настойчивостью при его реализации.
130
George Gilder, «Telecosm: The Coming Software Shift», Forbes ASAP, Aug. 28, 1995, p. 147.
131
Deutschman, op. cit.
132
Tim Berners-Lee, «Spinning the Web: A Place for Everything, and Every thing on the Web?» Data Communications, Oct. 21, 1997, p. 48.
133
Другие источники: Allison, op. cit.; Paul Andrews, «Web Browser Finds No Honor at Its Illinois Academic Birthplace», The Seattle Times, Oct. 9, 1997; Tim Berners-Lee and Mark Fischetti, Weaving the Web: The Original Design and Ultimate Destiny of the World Wide Web by Its Inventor, HarperCollins, New York, 1999; Tim Berners- Lee, Robert Cailliau, Ari Luotonen, Henrik Frystyk, and Nielsen Arthur Secret, «The World Wide Web», Communications of the ACM, Aug. 1, 1994, p. 76; Hal Berghel, «Who Won the Mosaic War?» ACM, vol. 41 (10), October 1998, pp. 13–16; Jim Clark and Owen Edwards, Netscape Time: The Making of the Billion-Dollar Start-Up That Took on Microsoft, St. Martin's Press, New York, 1999; Delia De LaFuente, «The Champaign Net Work/AVhiz Kids from U. of I. Make Millions in Cyberspace», Chicago Sun-Times, Sept. 17, 1995, p. 33; Peter Elstrom and Kathy Rebello, «A Big Bet on Minibrowsers: Can Spyglass Score in the Net Appliance Market», Business Week, Oct. 28, 1996, p. 54; Katie Hafner and Mathew Lyon, «Where Wizards Stay Up Late», Touchstone, New York, 1996; Kim S. Nash, «Browsers Compete for Spotlight», Computerworld, November 1995, p. 61; Greg R. Notess, «Comparing Web Browsers: Mosaic, Cello, Netscape, Win Web and Internetworks Lite», Online, March/April 1995, pp. 36–40; Gary Samuels, «Tale of Two Interneters: Netscape Has Gotten the Headlines, but Spyglass Is Making Money», Forbes Inc., September 1995, p. 48; Jared Sandberg, «Designers of Internet's Mosaic Software Plan New Version in Bid to Set Standard», The Wall Street Journal, Oct. 13, 1994, p. B6; Jian-Zhong Zhou, «The Internet, the World Wide Web, Library Web Browsers and Library Web Servers», Information Technology and Libraries, Mar. 1, 2000, p. 50.
134
Peter N. Golder and Gerard 1. Tellis, «Will It Ever Fly? Modeling the Takeoff of Really New Consumer Durables», Marketing Science, 16(3):256–270 (1997).
135
Некоторые идеи этого раздела сформировались под влиянием: Rajesh Chandy and Gerard J. Tellis, «The Incumbent's Curse? Incumbency, Size and Radical Product Innovation», Journal of Marketing, 64(3): 1–17 (July 2000); Rajesh Chandy and Gerard J. Tellis, «Organizing for Radical Product Innovation», Journal of Marketing Research 35:474–487 (November 1998); Clayton M. Christensen, The Innovator's Dilemma: When New Technologies Cause Great Firms to Fail, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA, 1997.
136
Palo Alto Research Center.
137
Gary Jacobson and John Hillkirk, Xerox: American Samurai, Macmillan, New York, 1986, p. 214.
138
В соответствии со стратегической матрицей Boston Consulting Group, «собаки» – это компании с низкой долей рынка и низким потенциалом развития этого рынка.
139
Graphical User Interface.
140
Michael Hiltzik, Dealers of Lightning: Xerox PARC and the Dawn of the Computer Age, HarperBusiness/HarperCollins, New York, 1999, p. 36.
141
George E. Pake, «Research at Xerox PARC: A Founder's Assessment», IEEE Spectrum, 22(10):56 (October
