The Kiss of Death

Paraguay, infestation of houses with T. infestans, 184

Parasites:

herbal medicines and parasiticides, 37, 45;

HIV and, 207

Parasiticides, and herbal medicines, 37, 45.

See also Benznidazole; Nifurtimox

Pariya Qaqa (Igneous Rock), 155

Partial immunity, and acute phase of Chagas’ disease, 197, 207-10

Partial protection, and immunization, 171

Pasteur, Louis, 1, 3

Pasteur Institute (La Paz), 164

Patagonia, and species of triatomines, 193

Pathology, of Chagas’ disease:

acute phase and, 196-202;

autoimmune components of, 213-16;

heart disease and, 84-86;

length of exposure to Chagas’ disease and, 206;

variability of, 13-14;

zymodemes of T. cruzi and, 170. See also Symptoms

Paz Zamora, Jaime, xix, 125, 235 n.5

Peru:

archaeological evidence of Chagas’ disease from preceramic period, 22-23;

infestation of houses with T. infestans, 184;

smallpox epidemic of 1520s, 27

Petramina (insecticide), 44

Phagocytosis, and immune response to T. cruzi infection, 208-209

Phaseolus lunatus, 19

Pheromones, of T. infestans, 174

Pigs, as hosts for T. cruzi, 195

Pinches (Ecuador and Peru), 37

Pizarro, Francisco, 27

Pizarro, Pedro, 27

Plan International, 139, 235n.2

Plasmodium spp., 6

Plastering, of house walls and prevention of Chagas’ disease, 120, 234 n.12

Pless, M., 81

Plexes (nerve nets), 213-14

Policy, public:

AIDS, Chagas’ disease, and tuberculosis as medical priorities, 86;

recommendations for on Chagas’ disease, 105-116.

See also Public health

Political economy:

colonialsim and spread of Chagas’ disease, 28-29;

housing and physical proximity of vectors and hosts of Chagas’ disease in Bolivia, 88-106

Politics, religious motivation and agendas of health projects, 110. See also Policy; Political economy

Pongo (Bolivia), 47

Population, pre-Columbian of central Andes, 27

Potosi, Department of (Bolivia), case study of chagasic colon, 65-72

Poultry, and T. cruzi infection, 195

Poverty:

free market economics and increase of in urban Bolivia, 103-104, 105;

housing and Chagas’ disease in urban Bolivia, 101

Premature birth, and intrauterine T. cruzi infection, 61, 230n.8

Prevention, of Chagas’ disease:

call for activism, xvii-xviii;

housing and, 107-23, 124-33;

Culture Context Model for, 134-45;

recommendations on allocation of resources, xvii-xviii;

restoration of traditional culture in Bolivia and, 29

Prickly pear cactus, 43

Prieto, Marco Antonio, 136, 143, 148, 236n.3

Primary Chagas’ disease, 16

Primary health care, and Chagas’ control projects, 110, III

PROCOSI (Programa de Coordinacion en Supervivencia Infantil), 234 n.10

Productivity, and socioeconomic costs of Chagas’ disease, 149-53

Pro-Habitat of Bolivia, xx, 127-28, 139, 235n.2

Project Concern, 131

Prosopisjuliflora, 19

Protozoa, species of pathogenic, 11. See also Trypanosoma cruzi

Proyecto Britanico Cardenal Maurer (PBCM), 46, 107-23, 226, 233 n.1-2, 233 n.5, 234 n.9

Pseudocysts, 198

Public health:

religious motivations and political agendas in projects, 110;

scope of Chagas’s disease as problem in Latin America, xiii.

See also Education; Policy, public; Prevention

Pyrethrum, 4

Q

Qaqachaka (Oruro, Bolivia), 90

Quechua (Bolivia):

adaptation to environment, 142-43;

attitudes toward T. infestans, 56;

colonization and migration of, 96;

housing in urban Bolivia and, 100, 101

Quinine, and malaria, 4

R

Rabies virus, 1

Rabinovitch, J. E., 176

Race, and class system in Bolivia, 132. See also Ethnicity

Radanil. See Benznidazole

Rahimtoola, S. H., xxii

Rain forest, destruction of in Bolivia, 155

Rake, Gregory, 233n.3

Rats, as hosts for T. cruzi, 194, 195

Reed, Walter, 8

Regalsky, Pablo, 92, 104, 136, 143, 147, 153, 236 n.4, 236 n.8

Regenerator (herbal remedy), 39-42, 44