The Kiss of Death

children in Bolivia and, 48;

epidemiology and, 87;

heart disease and, 85, 86;

immune response to T. cruzi infection, 205-16;

progression of, 6

Immunization, against T. cruzi, 166-72

Immunoglobulins:

detection of acute phase of Chagas’ disease, 201-202;

immune response to T. cruzi infection and, 208, 209

Immunopathic medicine, and paradigm of health, 87

Immunosuppression: immunization for T. cruzi and, 171

Inca:

archaeological evidence of Chagas’ disease in mummies, 24, 27;

expansion and spread of Chagas’ disease, 24-26;

housing and settlement, 26;

Spanish conquest, 26-28

Indirect haemagglutination test (IHA), 219

Indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT), 211, 219

Indirect tests, for diagnosis of Chagas’ disease, 217-19

Indole alkaloids, 44

Infants:

Chagas’ disease and low birth weight, 61-62;

nifurtimox and benznidazole for treatment of Chagas’ disease in, 224. See also Congenital transmission

Inflammation:

acute Chagas’ disease and, 196;

immune response to T. cruzi and, 213-14

Infrastructure, for Chagas’ control projects, 112-13

Insecticides:

DDT and, 34;

plant derivatives as, 43-44;

slow-release in paint, 120, 234 n.13

Instar, and life stages of triatomines, 174-78

Instituto Boliviano de Biologia de Altura (IBBA), 63-64, 164, 199, 217

Instituto Nacional de Reforma Agraria (INRA), 154

Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Ceintificas, 225

Interdisciplinary approach, to prevention of Chagas’ disease, 146-49

Intracellular amastigotes, 212

Intracellular hiding, by T. cruzi, 212-13

Intrauterine T. cruzi infection, 61

Isoenzymic strains, of T. cruzi, 162

Ivermac, 225

J

Jampiris (herbalists), and Chagas’ disease, 30-45

Janssen Research Foundation, 225

Jauregui, Pedro, 78, 79-80, 81, 82-83, 203

Jivaros (Brazil), 37

K

Kallawaya herbalists:

biomedicine and, xvi-xvii;

Chagas’ disease and, xix, 30-45;

environment and, 143;

Inca empire, 26;

mountain-body metaphor and homes, 90

Kinetoplastida, 159

Kissing bugs, origin of term, 7. See also Triatoma infestans

Koberle, Fritz, 200

Koch, Robert, 1

Kolata, Alan, 146-47

Kuritsky, Joel, xix, xx, 235n.5

L

Labor, division of by gender in Bolivia, 116

Laboratories: transmission of T. cruzi to technicians, 63-64

Laminin sepharose affinity column, 216

Land tenure:

housing in urban areas of Bolivia and, 99;

status of reform in Bolivia, 153-54;

Western versus Andean concepts of property rights and, 104-105

La Paz (Bolivia), 97, 99

Lassance (Brazil), 5-6

Latent Chagas’ disease, 16

Latex agglutination, 219

Latin America:

economic and social costs of Chagas’ disease, 149-53;

export of blood for transfusions, 59;

geographic distribution of Chagas’ disease, xiv;

house infestation with T. infestans, 184-85;

scope of Chagas’ disease as public health problem, xiii. See also specific countries

Leadership, of prevention programs, 109-10

Leishmania braziliensis, 217

Leishmania major, 168

Leon, Cieza de, 27

Leprosy, 86

Levi-Strauss, Claude, 90

Lewellyn, Charles, xx

Ley de Participacion Popular (Law of Popular Participation), 104, 153, 154

Life cycle: of Triatoma infestans, 173-78; of Trypanosoma cruzi, 159-62, 166-67

Life span, of T. infestans, 175

Linum usitatissimum, 42

Lipochagomas, 49-50

Lipopeptido phosphoglycan (LPPG), 168-69

Lippia triphylla, 42

Livestock, infection of with Chagas’ disease, 148. See also Animals

Lizards, as predators of T. infestans, 43

London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 225

Luca, Manuel de, 40, 149

Lyme disease, xv