Nemesis: The Last Days of the American Republic

40. Quoted by Sheldon Richman, “Iraqi Sanctions: Were They Worth It?” Future of Freedom Foundation, February 9, 2004. For a defense of the attitudes and policies of the Clinton administration, see Nancy Soderberg, The Superpower Myth, foreword by Bill Clinton (New York: John Wiley, 2005), pp. 204- 7.

41. David Cortright, “A Hard Look at Iraq Sanctions,” Nation, December 3, 2001.

42. Ramzi Kysia, “Biological Warfare in Iraq,” Common Dreams News Center, August 21, 2002; Thomas J. Nagy, “The Secret Behind the Sanctions: How the U.S. Intentionally Destroyed Iraq’s Water Supply,” Progressive, August 2001, http://www.progressive.org/0801issue/nagy0901.html; James Bovard, “Iraq Sanctions and American Intentions: Blameless Carnage?” Future of Freedom Foundation, February 9, 2004. In his book Terrorism and Tyranny (New York: Palgrave-Macmillan, 2003), Bovard documents how the civilian infrastructure was deliberately targeted. Also see Anthony Arnove, ed., Iraq Under Siege: The Deadly Impact of Sanctions and War,2nd ed. (Cambridge, MA: South End Press, 2003).

43. Barton Gellman, “Allied Air War Struck Broadly in Iraq; Officials Acknowledge Strategy Went Beyond Purely Military Targets,” Washington Post, June 23, 1991.

44. Colonel John A. Warden III, “The Enemy as a System,” Airpower Journal 9, no. 1 (Spring 1995), pp. 40-55, http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/warden.html.

45. Gellman, “Allied Air War.”

46. International Committee of the Red Cross, International Humanitarian Law, full texts, http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/WebCONVFULL10penView.

47. Jacob G. Hornberger, “Sanctions: The Cruel and Brutal War Against the Iraqi People,” Future of Freedom Foundation, February 9, 2004.

48. Joy Gordon, “Cool War: Economic Sanctions as a Weapon of Mass Destruction,” Harper’s Magazine, November 2002, http://www.scn.org/ccpi/HarpersJoyGordonNov02.html.

49. Richman, “Iraqi Sanctions.”

50. Gordon, “Cool War.”

51. Hornberger, “Sanctions.”

52. Cortright, “Hard Look”; Richard Garfield, “Morbidity and Mortality Among Iraqi Children from 1990 through 1998: Assessing the Impact of the Gulf War and Economic Sanctions,” Columbia University Medical School, July 1999, http://www.nd.edu/~krocinst/ocpapers/op_16_3.pdf.

53. Richman, “Iraqi Sanctions.” See also David Rieff, “Were Sanctions Right?” in At the Point of a Gun: Democratic Dreams and Armed Intervention (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2005), pp. 185- 204.

54. William Rivers Pitt, “Stand and Be Heard,” May 27, 2005, http://www.pdamerica.org/articles/news/stand- be-heard.php.

55. See Ellen Knickmeyer, “Iraq Puts Civilian Toll at 12,000,” Washington Post, June 3, 2005, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/06/02/AR2005060201098_pf.html; Associated Press, “Death from Insurgents,” San Diego Union-Tribune, June 3, 2005; Michael Schwartz, “Why Immediate Withdrawal Makes Sense,” TomDispatch.com, September 22, 2005, http://www.tomdispatch.com/indexprint.mhtml?pid-23549.

56. “Iraqi Civilian Casualties,” United Press International, July 12, 2005, http://ww.wpherald.com/print.php? StoryID=20050712-122153-5519r; Judith Coburn, “Unnamed and Unnoticed: Iraqi Casualties,” TomDispatch.com, July 17, 2005, http://wvw.tomdispatch.com/index.mhtml?pid=6963; Neil Mackay, “Haditha: The Worst U.S. Atrocity Since Vietnam: Iraqi Women and Children Massacred by American Marines,” Sunday Herald, June 4, 2006, http://www.sundayherald.com/print56107; Peter Beaumont and Mohammed al-Ubeidy, “U.S. Confronts Brutal Culture Among Its Finest Sons,” Guardian, June 4, 2006.

57. William Langewiesche, “Letter from Baghdad,” Atlantic Monthly, January- February 2005, p. 94.

58. Dahr Jamail, “Living Under the Bombs,” TomDispatch.com,, February 2, 2005, http://www.tomdispatch.com/index.mhtmPpid-2166.

59. “Burying the Bodies,” Harper’s Magazine, January 2002, p. 14.

60. Samir Haddad, “U.S. ’Fireballs’ Threaten Iraqi Flora,” Islam on Line, June 4, 2005, http://www.islamonline.org/English/News/2005-06/04/article05.shtml.

61. Derrick Z. Jackson, “The ’Tsunami’ Victims that We Don’t Count,” Boston Globe, January 7, 2005; Patrick Cockburn, “Terrified U.S. Soldiers Are Still Killing Civilians with Impunity, while the Dead Go Uncounted,” Independent, April 24, 2005; Christopher Dickey, “Body Counts: The Pentagon Secretly Keeps Track of Many Grim Statistics in Iraq,” Newsweek, May 11, 2005, http://www.msnbc.msn.eom/id/7818807/site/newsweek/print/l/displaymode/1098/; and Tom Engelhardt, “How Not to Count in Iraq: The Return of the Body Count,” TomDispatch.com,, May 23, 2005, http://www.tomdispatch.com/indexprint.mhtml?pid=2709. Anatol Lieven of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace observes, “Since the war in Iraq began, U.S. forces have displayed their respect for the Iraqi civilians they came to liberate by failing even to keep count of the numbers they accidentally kill.” See “A Second Chance to Learn the Lesson of Vietnam,” Financial Times, June 8, 2004.

62. Alan Eisner, “U.S. Seen as Unaccountable in Iraqi Civilian Deaths,” Reuters, May 3, 2005.

63. Cockburn, “Terrified U.S. Soldiers.”

64. Robert Fisk, “Brace Yourself for Part Two of the War for Civilization,” Independent, December 22, 2001.

65. Roland Watson, “U.S. Gunship Opened Fire on Afghan Wedding,” Times (London), July 3, 2002, http://www.timesonline.co.uk/printFriendly/0l-3-345233,00.html; Alissa J. Rubin, “U.S. Raid on Afghan Village Prompts Afghans to Demand Changes in War Strategies,” Los Angeles Times, July 15, 2002.

66. Anne Gearan, Associated Press, “Bush Rebuffs Karzai on Control of U.S. Troops in Afghanistan,”