Bounds, Limit other Agencies,” Boston Globe, June 8, 2003; Schmitt and Shanker, “Pentagon Sets Up Intelligence Unit.”
57. Greg Miller, “Wider Pentagon Spy Role Is Urged,” Los Angeles Times, October 26, 2002.
58. Patrick Martin, “Billions for War and Repression: Bush Budget for a Garrison State,” World Socialist Web Site, February 6, 2002.
59. Tim Weiner, Blank Check (New York: Warner Books, 1990), p. 178.
60. Ibid., pp. 172–98; and Stephen D. Goose, “Low-Intensity Warfare: The Warriors and Their Weapons,” in Klare and Kornbluh, Low-Intensity Warfare, p. 87.
61. Martin, “Billions for War”; and Rowan Scarborough, “Commandos Resist Loss of Purchasing Authority,” Washington Times, October 17, 2002.
62. Tom Bowman, “Special Forces’ Role May Expand,” Baltimore Sun, August 3, 2002; Pamela Hess, “Panel Wants $7 Billion Elite Counter-Terror Units,” United Press International, September 26, 2002; and William M. Arkin, “The Secret War: Frustrated by Intelligence Failures, the Defense Department Is Dramatically Expanding Its ‘Black World’ of Covert Operations,” Los Angeles Times, October 27, 2002.
63. New York Times, op-ed, August 21, 2002.
64. Greg Miller, “Military Wants Its Own Spies,” Los Angeles Times, March 4, 2003.
5: SURROGATE SOLDIERS AND PRIVATE MERCENARIES
1. See A. J. Langguth, Our Vietnam: The War, 1954–1975 (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2000), pp. 184–85. Peter Schweizer, a research fellow at the right-wing think tank, the Hoover Institution, located on the campus of Stanford University, advocates that the United States solve its military manpower needs by creating an American version of the French foreign legion. See his “All They Can Be, except American,” New York Times, February 18, 2003.
2. See Tamar Gabelnick, “Security Assistance after September 11,” Foreign Policy in Focus 7:4 (May 2002); and North American Congress on Latin America, “15,000 Latin Americans Trained by the U.S. Military Last Year,” June 27, 2002, <http://www.nacla.org/bodies/body29.php>.
3 Lora Lumpe, “U.S. Foreign Military Training: Global Reach, Global Power, and Oversight Issues,” Foreign Policy in Focus, Special Report, May 2002.
4. See, for example, reports of the U.S. Special Forces attack of January 24, 2002, on the Afghan village of Uruzgan. After killing at least nineteen villagers, the Americans, wearing masks, took twenty-seven men prisoner. They bound and tortured them for several days and then shot some of the bound prisoners in the back. It turned out that none of them were members of the Taliban or al-Qaeda. One officer said, “We are sorry. We committed a mistake bombing this place.” The CIA distributed reparations money to the families of those killed (Molly Moore, “Villagers Released by American Troops Say They Were Beaten, Kept in ‘Cage,’” Washington Post, February 11, 2002).
5. Quoted in Victoria Garcia, “U.S. Foreign Military Training: A Shift in Focus,” Center for Defense Information, “Terrorism Project,” April 8, 2002.
6. On the roles of the CIA and the Pentagon in the overthrow of democracy in Brazil and the fostering of military takeovers in Uruguay, Chile, and Argentina, see A. J. Langguth, Hidden Terrors (New York: Pantheon, 1978).
7. Alfred W. McCoy, The Politics of Heroin: CIA Complicity in the Global Drug Trade (Chicago: Lawrence Hill Books, 1991), p. 306.
8. Linda Robinson, “America’s Secret Armies: A Swarm of Private Contractors Bedevils the U.S. Military,” U.S. News & World Report, November 4, 2002; James Gerstenzang, “Vinnell Corp., Targeted in Riyadh Before, Loses 9 More Workers,” Los Angeles Times, May 14, 2003.
9. Dana Priest, “U.S. Instructed Latins on Executions, Torture,” Washington Post, September 21, 1996. Also see Raymond Ker, “CIA and School of the Americas,” MediaMonitors, November 26, 2001, <http://www.mediamonitors.net/raymondker3.html>.
10. The Athenaeum, “The Sepoy Mutiny—India, 1857,” <http://www.lexicorps.com/sepoy.htm>.
11. George Crile, Charlie Wilson’s War: The Extraordinary Story of the Largest Covert Operation in History—the Arming of the Mujahideen (New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2003).
12. See International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, “Making a Killing: The Business of War,” October 28, 2002, a segment of a Center for Public Integrity eleven-part series, <http://www.public-i.org>; Deborah Avant, “Private Military Companies Part of U.S. Global Reach,” Progressive Response 6:17 (June 7, 2002); Robinson, “America’s Secret Armies”; Esther Schrader, “U.S. Companies Hired to Train Foreign Armies,” Los Angeles Times, April 14, 2002; James Dao, “U.S. Company to Take Over Karzai Safety,” New York Times, September 19, 2002; Leslie Wayne, “America’s For-Profit Secret Army,” New York Times, October 13,2002; David Isenberg, “Security for Sale in Afghanistan,” Asia Times, January 6, 2003; and Isenberg, “There’s No Business like Security Business,” Asia Times, April 30, 2003.
13. Quoted in Lumpe, “U.S. Foreign Military Training.”
14. Robinson, “America’s Secret Armies”; and John J. Lumpkin, “Spy Plane Too Costly for Operations,” Associated Press, August 28, 2002.
15. Halliburton Company Web Site, “Halliburton Awarded Services Contract to Support Troops in Balkans,” February 18,1999, <http://www.freerepublic.com/forum/a371d59862125.htm>.
16. Kathleen Hennessey, “A Contract to Spend,” Mother Jones, May 23, 2002; “The Biggest Camp There Is: Houses Being Built for 5,000 Personnel at Camp Bondsteel,” September 27, 1999, <http://www.freerepublic.com/forum/a38deddd77282.htm>; Global Security Organization, “Camp Bondsteel,” <www.globalsecurity.org/military/facility/camp-bondsteel.htm>. Also see Ivana Avramovic, “Civilians Take Over Security at Bosnia’s Task Force Eagle Base Camps,” Stars & Stripes, August 17, 2002.
