The Barbary Plague

Quarantine,” San Francisco Examiner, March 9, 1900.

“A LIVELY CORPSE”

1.­ Joseph J. Kinyoun, Letter to Dr. Bailhache, August 9, 1900, p. 41. Letters of Joseph J. Kinyoun, Ms. C. 464, History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Md.

2.­ Mrs. John Hendricks Kinyoun, Letter to “My Dear Husband,” December 29, 1861, John Hendricks Kinyoun Papers, Genealogy Series, Rare Book, Manuscript, and Special Collections Library, Duke University.

3.­ John A. Garraty and Mark C. Carnes, American National Biography, vol. 12 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), p. 736.

4.­ John Hendricks Kinyoun Papers, Genealogy Series, Rare Book, Manuscript, and Special Collections Library, Duke University.

5.­ Garraty and Carnes, American National Biography, vol. 12, p. 736.

6.­ Bess Furman, A Profile of the United States Public Health Service, 1798–1948 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1973), p. 279.

7.­ Program, Complimentary Dinner to Joseph J. Kinyoun, Ms. C. 464, History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Md.

8.­ Joseph J. Kinyoun, Letter to “My Dear Aunt and Uncle,” June 29, 1901, Joseph J. Kinyoun Manuscript Collection, Ms. C. 464, History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Md., pp. 1–2.

9.­ Joseph J. Kinyoun, Letter to Dr. Bailhache, Joseph J. Kinyoun Manuscript Collection, Ms. C. 464, History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Md., pp. 1–2.

10.­ Ibid., p. 27.

11.­ Ibid., p. 23.

12.­ Ibid., p. 50.

13.­ Ibid., pp. 1, 69.

14.­ Ibid., 50–51.

15.­ Ibid., pp. 16–17.

16.­ Joseph Kinyoun, Letter to Supervising Surgeon General, March 5, 1900, National Archives and Records Administration, Records Group 90, Central File 1897–1923, Box 627, Folder 5608, Folder January– May 1900, J. J. Kinyoun.

17.­ Kinyoun, Undated Telegram to Supervising Surgeon General, NARA, San Bruno, Calif., RG 90 (Public Health Service), Quarantine Station, Angel Island, Calif., Letters from the Surgeon General to the Medical Officer in Charge, July 1, 1891–July 1, 1918, Box 16, Vol. 3.

18.­ Charles T. Gregg, Plague: An Ancient Disease in the Twentieth Century (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1985), pp. 40–41.

19.­ “Quarantine of Chinatown Raised, All Fears Proving Groundless,” San Francisco Examiner, March 10, 1900.

THE BOY FROM CATFISH CREEK

1.­ Rupert Blue, Letter to Supervising Surgeon General, June 27, 1900, National Archives and Records Administration, Records Group 90, Central File 1897–1923, Box 616, Folder 3 of 3.

2.­ David T. Dennis, Kenneth L. Gage, et al., Plague Manual: Epidemiology, Distribution, Surveillance and Control (Geneva: World Health Organization, 1999), pp. 12–13.

3.­ Giovanni Boccaccio, The Decameron, translated by Guido Waldman (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), pp. 12–13.

4.­ Daniel Defoe, A Journal of the Plague Year (London: Penguin Classics, 1986), pp. 27–28.

5.­ Philip Ziegler, The Black Death (Surrey, Eng.: Sutton Publishing Ltd., Bramley Books, Quadrillion Publishing Ltd., 1998), pp. 53–55.

6.­ Ibid., p. 37.

7.­ Major Arthur Henry Moorhead, “Plague in India,” The Military Surgeon, March 1908, as cited in Frank Morton Todd, Eradicating Plague from San Francisco (San Francisco: C. Murdock and Co., 1909), p. 283.

8.­ W. W. Sellers, A History of Marion County, South Carolina (Columbia, S.C.: R. L. Bryan Co., 1902), p. 132.

9.­ Kate Lilly Blue, “Marion Men Lead Reconstruction,” News and Courier, Charleston, S.C., March 11, 1934. South Caroliniana Library, University of South Carolina, Columbia, S.C.

10.­ Kate Lilly Blue, Historical Sketches of Marion County and Other Articles, SC R 975.757 Scrapbook Blu, Marion County, S.C., Public Library, South Carolina Room.

11.­ Personal communication of Miss Elizabeth McIntyre, one of Marion’s venerable citizens, and Mr. Tommy Lett, curator of the Marion Museum, regarding the town’s history and culture, during a reporting trip there in the summer of 2000.

12.­ Ibid.

13.­ Kate Lilly Blue, Letter to her cousin Theo, July 19, 1948. Blue Family Collection, South Caroliniana Library, University of South Carolina, Columbia, S.C.

14.­ Kate Lilly Blue, Letter to her cousin Mary, April 30, 1943. Blue Family Collection, South Caroliniana Library, University of South Carolina, Columbia, S.C.

15.­ Rupert Blue, Letter to Kate Lilly Blue, Latta, S.C., October 23, 1888. Collection of J. Michael Hughes.

16.­ Letters of John Gilchrist Blue, South Caroliniana Library, University of South Carolina, Columbia, S.C.

17.­ Details about the last illness and death of John Gilchrist Blue are drawn from at least four sources: Obituary of John Gilchrist Blue and Letters of Victor Blue and John Gilchrist Blue, found in the Blue Family Collection, the South Caroliniana Library, University of South Carolina at Columbia. See also Letters of Rupert Blue to Kate Lilly Blue from collection of J. Michael Hughes, and W. W. Sellers, A History of Marion County, South Carolina (Columbia, S.C.: R. L. Bryan Co., 1902), p. 131.

18.­ Rupert Blue, Letter to Kate Lilly Blue, Albemarle Co., Va., October 27, 1889. Collection of J. Michael Hughes.

19.­ Rupert Blue, Letter to Kate Blue, Baltimore, Md., February 8, 1892. Collection of J. Michael Hughes.

20.­ Ibid., December 13, 1891. Collection of J. Michael Hughes.

21.­ Ibid., April 16, 1892. Collection of J. Michael Hughes.

22.­ Ibid., May 20, 1892. Collection of J. Michael Hughes.

23.­ Rupert Blue, Letter to Mrs. Annie M. Blue, December 16, 1910. Collection of J. Michael Hughes.

24.­ Reports of M. J. Rosenau and John Godfrey, Marine Hospital Service, Department of Health and Human Services, 1895–1896, Personnel Files of Rupert Blue, Division of Commissioned Personnel, Rockville, Md.

25.­ Letter of Rupert Blue to Kate Lilly Blue, Genoa, Italy, April 18, 1900. Collection of J. Michael Hughes.

26.­ Ibid., Norfolk, Va., January 24, 1906. Collection of J. Michael Hughes.

27.­ Regulations Governing Uniforms of Officers and Employees of the United States Marine Hospital Service, Treasury Department, Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office, 1893 and 1896 editions. Courtesy of U.S. Public Health Service Historian Dr. John Parascandola.

28.­ Thanks to U.S. Public Health Service historian John Parascandola for helpful discussions on the symbolism of the uniform.

29.­ This undated portrait of Rupert Blue in his Marine Hospital Service dress uniform, probably taken c. 1892