The Barbary Plague

Calif., Records Group 21, No. 12,937.

13.­ Wong Wai vs. John M. Williamson et al., in the United States Circuit Court, Ninth Circuit, Northern District of California, NARA, San Bruno, Calif., Records Group 21, No. 12,937.

14.­ McClain, In Search of Equality, p. 254.

15.­ Opinion in Wong Wai vs. John M. Williamson et al., NARA, San Bruno, Calif., Records Group 21, No. 12,937.

16.­ “Board of Health Confesses to a Famous Expert That There Is No Bubonic Plague in This City,” San Francisco Call, May 29, 1900, p. 2.

17.­ “Cordon of City Police Is Drawn Around Chinatown,” San Francisco Examiner, May 30, 1900, p. 3.

18.­ Joseph Kinyoun, Letter to Dr. Bailhache, National Library of Medicine, p. 36.

19.­ “Investigating Experts Inspect Chinatown and Fail to Find a Single Case of Any Illness,” San Francisco Call, May 30, 1900, p. 1.

20.­ Letter to Dr. Bailhache, Kinyoun Letters, National Library of Medicine, pp. 37–38.

21.­ “Sporadic Case of Bubonic Plague Discovered, but There Is Absolutely No Need for Alarm,” San Francisco Call, May 31, 1900, p. 1.

22.­ “Autopsy of Dang Hong,” Chung Sai Yat Po, May 30, 1900, p. 2.

23.­ “Danger of Plague Has Passed and Vigilance Will Ensure Complete Safety to the City,” San Francisco Call, June 1, 1900, p. 2.

24.­ “Dr. Shrady Dined by Mayor Phelan,” San Francisco Call, June 3, 1900.

25.­ Joseph J. Kinyoun, Letter to “My Dear Aunt and Uncle,” June 29, 1901. From the Joseph J. Kinyoun, Manuscript Collection 464, History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine, p. 8?.

26.­ “San Francisco Free from Danger of Contagion,” San Francisco Call, June 2, 1900, p. 1.

27.­ Letter to Dr. Bailhache, Kinyoun Letters, National Library of Medicine, p. 38.

THE WOLF DOCTOR

1.­ “Health Board Vents Animus on Pillsbury,” San Francisco Call, June 3, 1900.

2.­ Jew Ho vs. John M. Williamson et al., National Archives and Records Administration, San Bruno, Calif., Records Group 21, U.S. District Court, Old Circuit Court, Northern District of California, Common Law Civil Cases, Box 746, Folder 12,940.

3.­ “Signs of Riot Among the Chinese in Quarantine,” San Francisco Call, June 8, 1900.

4.­ “Officials Investigating the Chinese Blackmail Scandal,” San Francisco Call, June 10, 1900, p. 1.

5.­ Ibid.

6.­ “Riot Raised Among Quarantined Chinese,” San Francisco Call, June 12, 1900.

7.­ “Another Hearing of Lawsuit,” Chung Sai Yat Po, June 14, 1900.

8.­ “De Haven Strikes First Blow at the Quarantine,” San Francisco Call, June 13, 1900.

9.­ “No Plague Says Governor Gage,” San Francisco Call, June 14, 1900. See also Guenter B. Risse, “ ‘A Long Pull, a Strong Pull, and All Together’: San Francisco and Bubonic Plague, 1907–1908,” Bulletin of the History of Medicine 66 (Spring 1992): 266.

10.­ Jew Ho vs. John M. Williamson et al.

11.­ Ibid.

12.­ “Chinatown Quarantine Raised by Order of Federal Court,” San Francisco Examiner, June 16, 1900. For a legal analysis of the importance of the quarantine, Wong Wai, and Jew Ho cases, see also Charles McClain, In Search of Equality: The Chinese Struggle Against Discrimination in Nineteenth-Century America (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994), pp. 234–276.

13.­ J. J. Kinyoun, Telegram to Pacific Coast Steamship Company, June 15, 1900, cited in Wong Wai vs. John M. Williamson et al., NARA, Records Group 21, U.S. District Court, Old Circuit Court, Northern District of California, Common Law Civil Cases, Box 746, Folder 12,937.

14.­ J. J. Kinyoun, Telegram to Surgeon General Wyman, June 16, 1900, NARA, Records Group 90, Box 627, Folder June 1900, J. J. Kinyoun.

15.­ J. J. Kinyoun, Telegram to State Board of Health of Louisiana, June 15, 1900, as cited in Wong Wai vs. John M. Williamson et al., NARA, San Bruno, Calif., Records Group 21, U.S. District Court, Old Circuit Court, Northern District of California, Common Law Civil Cases, Box 746, Folder 12,937.

16.­ Republican State Central Committee of California, Telegram to President McKinley, qtd. in “California Is Subjected to an Unparalleled Outrage,” San Francisco Call, June 17, 1900, p. 23.

17.­ “Kinyoun Begs for Mercy in Court,” San Francisco Call, June 18, 1900, p. 10.

18.­ “President McKinley Answers Appeal of State and Raises Kinyoun Quarantine,” San Francisco Call, June 19, 2000, p. 5.

19.­ Joseph J. Kinyoun, Letter to Dr. Bailhache, August 9, 1900, Joseph J. Kinyoun Manuscript Collection, Ms. 464, in History of Medicine Collection, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Md., p. 9.

20.­ Excerpts of testimony are from Transcript of Kinyoun’s Contempt Hearing in Wong Wai vs. John M. Williamson et al., June 25–July 2, 1900, NARA, San Bruno, Calif., Records Group 21, U.S. District Court, Old Circuit Court, Northern District of California, Common Law Civil Cases, Box 746, Folder 12,937.

21.­ Rupert Blue, Letter to the Supervising Surgeon General, June 27, 1900, NARA, Records Group 90, Central File 1897–1923, Box 616, File 3 of 3.

22.­ The children’s dinner discussion is recounted in Kinyoun’s Letter to Dr. Bailhache, Kinyoun Ms. C. 464, History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Md., p. 17.

23.­ “Kinyoun Purged of Contempt by Circuit Court,” San Francisco Call, July 4, 1900.

24.­ The conference on the ferry boat is also recounted in Kinyoun’s Letter to Dr. Bailhache, Kinyoun Ms. C. 464, History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Md., p. 11.

25.­ “Oust the Fakers,” San Francisco Call, June 26, 1900, p. 6.

WHITE MEN’S FUNERALS

1.­ Details of William Murphy’s case come from several sources: His alleged opium addiction was reported in the Sacramento Bee, January 12, 1901, p. 1. His diagnosis with plague at autopsy comes from Kinyoun’s letter to Dr. Bailhache, Joseph J. Kinyoun Manuscript Collection, Ms. C. 464, History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Md., p. 14.

2.­ J. J. Kinyoun, Letter to Dr. Bailhache, Joseph J. Kinyoun Manuscript Collection, Ms. C. 464, History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Md., p. 14.

3.­ Ibid., pp. 53–55.

4.­ Ibid., p. 53.