Catherine the Great

32. KfZh (1762), 12, 1st pagn; Sochineniia, xii: 506– 7.

33. Vinogradov, ‘Russian Mission’, 71. For Anna’s funeral commission, see Vnutrennii byt Russkago gosudarstva, i: 431–94 (438–9).

34. Shtelin, Zapiski, 96; KfZh (1762), 6–7, 1st pagn; L. Hughes, ‘Royal Funerals in Eighteenth-Century Russia’, in Monarchy and Religion, ed. Schaich, 411–2.

35. Sochineniia, xii: 508, has misled generations of historians by giving 25 Jan. as the date of Elizabeth’s funeral.

36. KfZh (1762), 16–17, 1st pagn.

37. Ya. P. Shakhovskoy, Zapiski, 1709–1777, ed. R. E. Jones (Newtonville, MA, 1974), iii, 183.

38. Anecdotes russes, ou letters d’un officier allemand a un gentilhomme livonien, ecrites de Petersbourg en 1762 (London [The Hague], 1765), 32–4.

39. Bil’basov, i: 424.

40. ‘Zapiski pridvornago bril’iantshchika Poz’e’, RS, March 1870, 201–3.

41. AKV, xxxi: 153, M. L. to A. R. Vorontsov, 28 Dec. 1761. It was imposed that day: KfZh (1761), suppl., 4–5.

42. KfZh (1762), 19, 1st pagn, 27 Feb.

43. Shtelin, Zapiski, 97; KfZh (1762), 25, 1st pagn, 4 Feb.; SIRIO, vii: 121, 7 July 1762.

44. Hughes, ‘Royal funerals’, 413. The coffin was lowered into the vault only on 27 Feb., when neither Peter nor C. was present: KfZh (1762), 46, 1st pagn.

45. Memoires du Comte de Hordt (Paris, 1784), 267–8.

46. Sochineniia, xii: 508–9.

47. Memoires du Comte de Hordt, 267–8. In point of fact, C. was to attend memorial services for Elizabeth for the rest of her life.

48. KfZh (1762), 28–34, 1st pagn; ‘Dnevnik statskogo sovetnika Mizere’, 57; Benois, Tsarskoe Selo, 106, 111, 260–3.

49. SIRIO, xviii: 83, 143, Mercy to Kaunitz, 1 Feb. and 26 Feb. 1762 NS.

50. Sochineniia, xii: 547, C. to Poniatowski, 2 Aug. 1762.

51. Shcherbatov, 233.

52. C. S. Leonard, Reform and Regicide: The Reign of Peter III of Russia (Bloomington, IN, 1993), 42–5; 48–57. For a penetrating discussion, see E. A. Marasinova, ‘Manifest o vol’nosti dvorianstva (k voprosu o mekhanizmakh sotsial’nogo kontrolia)’, in E.R. Dashkova i zolotoi vek Ekateriny, ed. L. V. Tychinina, et al (M, 2006), 84–108.

53. Tooke, i: 219.

54. KfZh (1762), 39, 1st pagn; ‘Dnevnik statskogo sovetnika Mizere’, 59.

55. Bolotov, ii: 108–11.

56. Bil’basov, i: 423–4; 428–9.

57. PCFG, xxi: 164, Frederick to Prince Henry, 3 Jan. 1762; 175, to Finckelstein, 11 Jan. 1761 NS.

58. Ibid., 194, 22 Jan.; (210), 29 Jan.; (212), 31 Jan.

59. AKV, xxi: 46–7; SIRIO, xviii: 361, Mercy to Kaunitz, 28 May 1762 NS. Prince Dashkov reached Kiev before being recalled by Catherine.

60. Tooke, i: 239.

61. Ransel, Politics, 59–61 (61).

62. Troitskii, Finansovaia politika, 246–7; Leonard, Reform and Regicide, 122.

63. Kurukin, Epokha ‘dvorskikh bur’, 385–92.

64. Leonard, Reform and Regicide, 136.

65. Madariaga, 27–8.

66. AKV, xxi: 49.

67. R. Vroon, ‘9 June 1762: The tears of an empress, or the toast that toppled an emperor’, in Days from the Reigns, ed. Cross, ii: 129–30.

68. Sochineniia, xii: 547, C. to Poniatowski, 2 Aug. 1762.

69. AKV, xxi: 68.

70. The following draws on Madariaga, 29–32, and Alexander, 3–16.

71. PSZ, xvi: 11,585.

72. R. Bartlett, ‘30 October 1763: The Beginning of Abolitionism in Russia’, in Days from the Reigns, ed. Cross, ii: 138.

73. Tooke, i: 292.

74. Osmnadtsatyi vek, 2 (1869), 634, Talyzin to Panin, 29 June 1762.

75. Perevorot 1762 goda (M, 1908), 141; Bil’basov, ii: 104–6.

76. Sochineniia, xii:.

77. A. Schumacher, Geschichte der Thronentsetzung und des Tode Peter des Dritten (Hamburg, 1858).

78. K. A. Pisarenko, ‘Neskol’ko dnei iz istorii “uedinennogo i priiatnogo mestechka”’, in O. A. Ivanov, V. S. Lopatin and K. A. Pisarenko, Zagadki russkoi istorii: XVIII vek (M, 2000), 253–398.

79. Madariaga, 32.

Chapter 6

1. SIRIO, xii: 113, Buckinghamshire to Halifax, 28 June 1763 NS; cxl: 205, Berenger to Praslin, 28 June and 8 July; xlvi: 538–40, Mercy to Kaunitz, 28 June.

2. Alexander, 74–5.

3. SIRIO, xxii: 66, 75, Solms to Frederick II; 7/18 June 1763; xii: 113, Buckinghamshire to Halifax, 28 June 1763 NS.

4. KfZh (1763), 109–11, 112–4, 117, 129; I. V. Kapustina, ‘Usad’ba Kuskovo v kontekste evropeiskikh paradnykh rezidentsii XVIII veka’, Russkaia usad’ba, 9 (2003), 163–81; Pis’ma Saltykovu, 14, 25 June 1763.

5. KfZh (1763), 131–42.

6. M. I. Pyliaev, Staryi Peterburg (SPb, 2007 edn.), 260. Begun in 1753, the church survived until 1961 when it was demolished during Khrushchev’s anti-religious campaign to make way for the Sennaia ploshchad’ metro station.

7. SIRIO, cxl: 206–7, Berenger to Praslin, 12 July 1763 NS.

8. Zapiski Shtelina, i: 209; M. F. Korshunova, Iurii Fel’ten (Leningrad, 1988), 28. The gallery was demolished in 1766 as part of the scheme to clad the Neva’s banks in granite.

9. Rovinskii, Obozrenie ikonopisaniia, 279–80; Zapiski Shtelina, i: 256.

10. SIRIO, cxl: 206, Berenger to Praslin, 12 July 1763 NS.

11. The longest of these memoranda is at SIRIO, x: 380–1, 20 Sept. 1769.

12. Madariaga, 123–32.

13. Bartlett, 30 October 1763, 139–40. See the same author’s ‘The Question of Serfdom: Catherine II, the Russian Debate and the View from the Baltic Periphery’, in Russia in the Age of the Enlightenment, eds. R. Bartlett and J. M. Hartley (London, 1990), 142–66, and his ‘Serfdom and state