Neuroscience 9 (2008): 545-56; C. Chafe et al., “Neural Dynamics of Event Segmentation in Music: Converging Evidence for Dissociable Ventral and Dorsal Networks,” Neuron 55, no. 3 (2007): 521-32; Damian Ritossa and Nikki Rickard, “The Relative Utility of ‘Pleasantness’ and ‘Liking’ Dimensions in Predicting the Emotions Expressed by Music,” Psychology of Music 32, no. 1 (2004): 5-22; Gregory S. Berns et al., “Neural Mechanisms of the Influence of Popularity on Adolescent Ratings of Music,” NeuroImage 49, no. 3 (2010): 2687-96; Adrian North and David Hargreaves, “Subjective Complexity, Familiarity, and Liking for Popular Music,” Psychomusicology 14, nos. 1-2 (1995): 77-93; Walter Ritter, Elyse Sussman, and Herbert Vaughan, “An Investigation of the Auditory Streaming Effect Using Event-Related Brain Potentials,” Psychophysiology 36, no. 1 (1999): 22-34; Elyse Sussman, Rika Takegata, and Istvan Winkler, “Event-Related Brain Potentials Reveal Multiple Stages in the Perceptual Organization of Sound,” Cognitive Brain Research 25, no. 1 (2005): 291-99; Isabelle Peretz and Robert Zatorre, “Brain Organization for Music Processing,” Annual Review of Psychology 56, no. 1 (2005): 89-114.
[213] a black market for poultry Charles Grutzner, “Horse Meat Consumption by New Yorkers Is Rising,” The New York Times, September 25, 1946.
[214] camouflage it in everyday garb It is worth noting that this was only one of the committee’s many findings (which ranged far and wide). For a fascinating study on the committee and its impacts, see Brian Wansink, “Changing Eating Habits on the Home Front: Lost Lessons from World War II Research,” Journal of Public Policy and Marketing 21, no. 1 (2002): 90-99.
[215] present-day researcher Wansink, “Changing Eating Habits on the Home Front.”
[216] cheer for steak and kidney pie” Brian Wansink, Marketing Nutrition: Soy, Functional Foods, Biotechnology, and Obesity (Champaign: University of Illinois, 2007).
[217] it was up 50 percent Dan Usher, “Measuring Real Consumption from Quantity Data, Canada 1935-1968,” in Household Production and Consumption, ed. Nestor Terleckyj (New York: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1976). It’s very hard to get U.S. data on offal consumption, and so these calculations are based on Canadian trends, where data on the topic is more plentiful. In interviews, U.S. officials said that Canada is a fair proxy for U.S. trends. The calculations in Usher’s paper draw on calculations of “canned meat,” which contained offal.
[218] “sizable increases in trips and sales” Target Corporation Analyst Meeting, October 18, 2005.
[219] a ten-cent fare into the till For my understanding of the Montgomery bus boycott, I am indebted to those historians who have made themselves available to me, including John A. Kirk and Taylor Branch. My understanding of these events also draws on John A. Kirk, Martin Luther King, Jr.: Profiles in Power (New York: Longman, 2004); Taylor Branch, Parting the Waters: America in the King Years, 1954-63 (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1988); Taylor Branch, Pillar of Fire: America in the King Years, 1963-65 (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1998); Taylor Branch, At Canaan’s Edge: America in the King Years, 1965-68 (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006); Douglas Brinkley, Mine Eyes Have Seen the Glory: The Life of Rosa Parks (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2000); Martin Luther King, Jr., Stride Toward Freedom: The Montgomery Story (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1958); Clayborne Carson, ed., The Papers of Martin Luther King, Jr., vol. 1, Called to Serve (Berkeley: University of California, 1992), vol. 2, Rediscovering Precious Values (1994), vol. 3, Birth of a New Age (1997), vol. 4, Symbol of the Movement (2000), vol. 5, Threshold of a New Decade (2005); Aldon D. Morris, The Origins of the Civil Rights Movement (New York: Free Press, 1986); James Forman, The Making of Black Revolutionaries (Seattle: University of Washington, 1997). Where not cited, facts draw primarily from those sources.
[220] “You may do that,” Parks said Henry Hampton and Steve Fayer, eds., Voices of Freedom: An Oral History of the Civil Rights Movement from the 1950s Through the 1980s (New York: Bantam Books, 1995); Rosa Parks, Rosa Parks: My Story (New York: Puffin, 1999).
[221] “the law is the law” John A. Kirk, Martin Luther King, Jr.: Profiles in Power (New York: Longman, 2004).
[222] a three-part process For more on the sociology of movements, see G. Davis, D. McAdam, and W. Scott, Social Movements and Organizations (New York: Cambridge University, 2005); Robert Crain and Rita Mahard, “The Consequences of Controversy Accompanying Institutional Change: The Case of School Desegregation,” American Sociological Review 47, no. 6 (1982): 697-708; Azza Salama Layton, “International Pressure and the U.S. Government’s Response to Little Rock,” Arkansas Historical Quarterly 56, no. 3 (1997): 257-72; Brendan Nelligan, “The Albany Movement and the Limits of Nonviolent Protest in Albany, Georgia, 1961-1962,” Providence College Honors Thesis, 2009; Charles Tilly, Social Movements, 1768-2004 (London: Paradigm, 2004); Andrew Walder, “Political Sociology and Social Movements,” Annual Review of Sociology 35 (2009): 393-412; Paul Almeida, Waves of Protest: Popular Struggle in El Salvador, 1925-2005 (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 2008); Robert Benford, “An Insider’s Critique of the Social Movement Framing Perspective,” Sociological Inquiry 67, no. 4 (1997): 409-30; Robert Benford and David Snow, “Framing Processes and Social Movements: An Overview and Assessment,” Annual Review of Sociology 26 (2000): 611-39; Michael Burawoy, Manufacturing Consent: Changes in the Labor Process Under Monopoly Capitalism (Chicago: University of Chicago, 1979); Carol Conell and Kim Voss, “Formal Organization and the Fate of Social Movements: Craft Association and Class Alliance in the Knights of Labor,” American Sociological Review 55, no. 2 (1990): 255-69; James Davies, “Toward a Theory of Revolution,” American Sociological Review 27, no. 1 (1962): 5-18; William Gamson, The Strategy of Social Protest (Homewood, Ill.: Dorsey, 1975); Robert Benford, “An Insider’s Critique of the Social Movement Framing Perspective,” Sociological Inquiry 67, no. 4 (1997): 409-30; Jeff Goodwin, No Other Way Out: States and Revolutionary Movements, 1945-1991 (New York: Cambridge University, 2001); Jeff Goodwin and James Jasper, eds., Rethinking Social Movements: Structure, Meaning, and Emotion (Lanham, Md.:
