Lucius III, pope 342, 417
Ludolf of Tournai 157
Lydda 153
Lyons
First General Council of the Church at (1245) 772, 774, 778, 779, 785, 897
Second General Council of the Church at (1274) 688, 706, 814–16, 837, 840, 849;
Ma ‘arrat al-Nu ‘man 142, 145, 149–50, 190, 192, 270
Mabel of Belleme 83
Maccabees, the 30–31, 41, 86, 380, 421, 477, 906, 909, 912
Magdeburg, ‘crusade’ circular of 246, 263, 674–6, 677
Magna Mahomeria (al-Bira) 220, 221–2, 223, 232, 754
Magnus II, king of Sweden 697–8
al-Mahdiya 54
crusade to (1390) 852–3
Mainz 78, 100, 101–2, 103, 104, 105
diet of (‘Curia Christi’) (1188) 377, 387, 392, 394, 419
Maldon, battle of (991) 40
Malik Shah, Seljuk sultan 126–7, 128
Mamistra 132
mamluks, slave warriors 22, 348, 352, 415, 729
Bahriyya division 771, 789, 790–91, 792, 795, 797, 807
Mamluks, rulers of Egypt 22, 715, 720–21, 722, 732, 770, 806–7, 817, 826, 831–4, 836–7, 845, 861, 884
Manasses, bishop of Orleans 563–6
Manasses, archbishop of Rheims 172
Manasses of Hierges, constable of Jerusalem 208, 220
Manfred, king of Sicily 806, 898
Mansourah 646–7, 788, 789–94, 796
battle of (1250) 789, 792–4, 797, 799
al-Mansur, ruler of al-Andalus 53, 54, 657, 670
Mantua, conference at (1459–60) 870
Manuel I Comnenus, Byzantine emperor 194, 218, 236, 273, 286, 289, 291, 318–19, 321–9, 331, 335, 342, 346–7, 510, 533–7
Manuel II Palaeologus, Byzantine emperor 849, 851
Manzikert, battle of 11, 49, 82, 127
Marasch 132
Margaret of France, queen of Hungary 421
Margaret of Provence, queen of France 789, 796, 811
Margat (Marqab), castle of 446, 817
Maria of Antioch, sister of Bohemund III 194
Maria of Antioch, daughter of Bohemund IV 731
Maria Comnena, queen of Jerusalem 212, 357–61, 372
Maria la Marquise, queen of Jerusalem 493, 632, 724, 725
Marienburg, becomes Teutonic Knights’ HQ 842
Marinid rulers of Morocco 671
Marino Sanudo Torsello, Venetian writer 718, 802, 827–8, 905
Marmoutier, abbey of 63, 70, 71, 74
Marseilles, preaching in 619
Marsilius of Padua 905
Martin, abbot of Pairis 498, 503–4, 506, 517, 520, 553, 557
Martin IV, pope 898
Mary, mother of Jesus, as war goddess and patroness 687–8
‘Master of Hungary’, the, demagogue 804
Matthew Gentile, count of Lesina 625, 645
Matthew Paris, monk and chronicler 625, 717, 721, 762–3, 772, 800
Matthias Corvinus, king of Hungary 872
Matilda, daughter of Henry I of England, countess of Anjou 195, 207, 208, 300
Matilda, wife of King Stephen, queen of England 255
Mawdud, ruler of Mosul 190, 203, 227, 271
Mecca 203, 345, 362
Medina 203, 345
Mehmed I, Ottoman sultan 852
Mehmed II, the Conqueror, Ottoman sultan 844, 845, 850, 851, 863–6, 868, 871, 872
Meinhard, missionary 689, 690
Melisende, queen of Jerusalem 207, 208, 209–10, 232, 264, 277, 332, 334, 335, 345, 357
Psalter of 210, 236
Memel 689
Merzifon, battle of 174, 175
Messina, and Third Crusade 436, 441–3, 450, 532
Mestwin, duke of Danzig 703
Mezenc, castellans of 86
Michael VIII Palaeologus, Byzantine emperor 557, 815, 849
Michael Choniates, archbishop of Athens 537
Miesco I, king of Poland 5, 10
Miguel de Cervantes 673
Milan, Milanese 3, 175
Patarines of 46–7, 48
Miles of Plancy, seneschal of Jerusalem 209, 220, 357, 359, 360
Milo of Brebant 510
Milo of Evry-le-Chatel 300
Mindaugas, king of Lithuania 702
miscegenation, stories of 175, 230, 750
Mohacs, battle of (1526) 844
Moissac, monks of St Peter’s of 80
Mongols, the 641, 705, 715, 718, 722, 755–6, 769, 770–71, 772, 784–6, 798, 801, 806–7, 813, 815–16, 817, 818, 826, 838, 913–14
Monreal del Campo, militia of 256
Montferrand (Ba ‘rin) 188, 197, 198
Montfort (Galilee), Teutonic Knights’ HQ 748, 754
Montgisard, battle of (1177) 352, 353, 360, 363
Montreal (Shawbak) 203, 224, 239–40, 372, 403, 404, 405, 639
Frankish widow of 240, 404
Montsegur, massacre at (1244) 603
Morphia of Melitene 186
Mosul 12, 187, 344, 352, 353, 362, 364
motives 84–9, 163–4, 168, 171–2, 262, 266, 398, 502, 504–5, 506–7, 603, 680, 685–9, 691, 707, 709, 711–12, 759, 769, 772, 782, 795, 800, 809, 883–4
