The Whisperers

604'>82

hired labour, 86

individualism, 50

as industrial labourers, 98, 172

literacy, 126

livestock, slaughter, 93, 96

and NEP, 6, 86

Party war against, 83–6

percentage of population, 50

as ‘petty-bourgeoisie’, 82

and prices, 72

and private property, 84, 94, 97

rebellions (1921), 5, 6

revolution (1917), 81, 92– 3as rural proletariat, 82

social class, 78

spending power, 467

strikes, 442

taxes on, 86, 95

trades and crafts, 52

traditionalism, 50, 53, 76, 77, 84, 87, 126, 127

union with, 72

urban migration, 98–9, 118– 19, 120, 121, 126–7, 128, 172

wartime trade, 467

work ethic, 52, 86 See also‘kulaks’

peat industry, 22, 165

penal battalions, 413

People’s Courts, 70

Peredelkino, 256, 484, 500, 503

perekovka,

see‘reforging’

Perekovka (journal), 195, 196

Perepechenko, Elizaveta, 547–8

Perm (Molotov), 252, 287, 303, 316, 317, 356, 652

food shortage (1941), 318–19Pedagogical Institute, 475

post-war, 455, 458‘Trotskyists’, arrest (1936), 580

personal appearance, 15–16, 158–9

personal hygiene, 159, 175

personal life idea, promotion, 160

sacrificed, 30, 158

Pestovo, 121, 145

Peter the Great, 488

Petropavlovsk-Kamchatny jail, 331

Petrov-Vodkin, Kuzma, 484

Petrovzavodsk concentration camp, 338‘petty bourgeois’ family as, 20

habits, eradication, 15

social impurity, 136‘

philistine byt’, 15, 16

Piatakov, Georgii, 237, 276

Piatakov, Iurii, 34, 197

Piatnitskaia, Julia, 227–9, 229, 232–3, 249–51, 288–9, 307–15

Piatnitsky, Igor, 228, 229, 249, 289, 314, 315

arrest, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311

denunciation, 231, 232

and Osip’s arrest, 233, 307

trial, 312–13n

Piatnitsky, Osip, 228–30, 229, 244, 249

arrest, 227, 233, 249, 288, 307, 308, 312

at Comintern, 228, 229– 32, 232