Young Stalin

2. GF IML 8.2.1.624.1–26, Bachua Kupriashvili. Kamo: Bibineishvili, pp. 94–110. Imnaishvili, Kamo, pp. 47–51. Dubinsky-Mukhadze, Kamo, pp. 12–86. Russian Review, vol. 19, no. 3, July 1960, pp. 227–47. Williams, pp. 74, 104, 114–23, 185. Kun, p. 75. Geifman, Thou Shalt Kill, pp. 38, 85–92, 116–18, 167, 190, 201. Krasin, “Bolshe-vistskaya partiinaya tekhnika,” p. 813. Nikolaevsky, “Bolshevistky zentr.” Stanford, Paris Okhrana, box 200, folder ID XVII n4a and folder XVII m 1. Tsintsadze on Chiatura railway heist—21,000 roubles in Souvarine, Staline, p. 100. Arsenidze, p. 232. Bombs and Krasin: Williams, pp. 61–63, 112. Radzinsky, Stalin, p. 59. Baikaloff, pp. 20–21. Litvinov’s arms buying: see Istorichesky Arkhiv, no. 4, 1960, pp. 95–110. Phillips, Between the Revolution and the West, pp. 9–11. “From Bolshevik to British Subject,” Slavic Review, 48, no. 3, Fall 1989, pp. 388–98. Krupskaya quoted in Trotsky, Stalin, p. 105. Bibineishvili, pp. 116–30. Medvedeva-Ter-Petrossian, “Tovarish Kamo.” RGASPI 332.1.53: TSK organized committee to investigate Tiflis expropriation. Stanford, Paris Okhrana, 209 folder XXb, folder 2; 209 XXb folder 1; folder XVII L folder 2, XX.328, XXb, XXVII C, XXVc folder 1, XXVIIc folder I, XXVIIc on Wallach and Kamo from the chief of the Intelligence Service Paris (including claim that sixty-three people took part in heist). On Okhrana informer reports that SRs conducted Tiflis expropriation and money stolen by Kamo: Vahtang Guruli, Materials for Stalin’s Biography, pp. 9–11, and Tiflis Okhrana agents “N” and “Bolshaya” on 15 July and 2 July 1907. GIAG 95.1.82.15, 21, 23. Carswell, The Exile, p. 55. Credit Lyonnais: see Ostrovsky, pp. 499–500. Lenin versus Bogdanov: Service, Lenin, p. 98.

181

3. Chavichvili, Revolutionnaires russes a Geneve, pp. 74–91. RGASPI 332.1.53: TSK organized committee to investigate Tiflis expropriation. Expelled: Arsenidze, p. 232.Y. Martov on Stalin’s expulsion: Vperod, 31 Mar. 1918. Y. Martov, Spasiteli il uprazdniteli? Kto i kak razrushal RSDRP?, Paris, 1911, p. 23. Martov case: Service, Stalin, p. 164. Revolutionary Tribunal: 5 Apr. 1918—RGASPI 558.2.42, quoted in Kun, pp. 79–84; exactly the sort of person Lenin needs, expulsions not serious, p. 127. Pravda, 1, April 1918. Trotsky, Stalin, pp. 101–9. GF IML 8.2.1.624.1–26, Bachua Kupriashvili.

182

1. Stalin’s house: Alliluyev Memoirs, pp. 52–54, 137; Nadya falls into sea, p. 110, though Anna says their brother rescued Nadya. Home: GDMS 1955–146.51–6, G. Elisabedashvili. RGASPI 558.4.663, Sergei Alliluyev. Tidiness—Sergei Alliluyev quoted in Lily Marcou, Staline: Vie privee (henceforth Marcou), p. 53. Kun, p. 38. Tiflis a marsh: Stalin, Works, 2:188, and 8:174– 75. Service, Stalin, p. 70. Suny, “A Journeyman for the Revolution,” pp. 373–94. Spandarian’s women: Vulikh in Kun, pp. 129–30. Tucker, p. 105. Starts in Russian: Stalin, Works, 2:42–46. Rothschilds: Smith, p. 399. Police laxer: RGASPI 124.1.2035, M. Frumkin. Fighting squads and arsenal, ship heists, Vyshinsky: GDMS 49, I. Bokov. RGASPI 558.4.583, I. Bokov. GF IML 8.2.1.19, S. Kavtaradze. GF IML 8.2.1.624.1–26, Bachua Kupriashvili. Ostrovsky, pp. 259–67. Pushing for strikes: see Sergo Ordzhonikidze and others in A. Rokhlin, Dvadtsat piat let Bakinskoi organizatsii bolshevistikov. GF IML 8.2.1.35, I. P. Nadiradze. Anastas Mikoyan, Tak bylo, pp. 347–48. Shaumian and filth of Baku: Mikoyan, Memoirs, pp. 72–74. Shaumian tensions, Tartars in meetings, Stalin’s protection-rackets, killing informers, Spandarian debauchery, Stalin true boss, gangsterism: Tatiana Vulikh to Boris Nikolaevsky, in Nikolaevsky, box 207, folder ID 207–9. Persia: RGASPI 558.4.583 Mir Bashir Kasumov. Stalin’s relations with Muslims in Baku: “History of the Working Turkic Proletariat” by Effendiev, “Istoriya rabochego,” p. 53.

183

2. Baku too Persian, Nobel story, Rothschilds, wages, stories of tycoons Mantashev, etc.: Tolf, Russian Rockefellers, pp. 87–100, 139–41, 151–58, 182. Anna Alliluyeva in Alliluyev Memoirs, pp. 52–55, 84–86. Giving to Bolsheviks: Krasin in Williams, p. 59. Tiflis a marsh, Baku a centre: Stalin, Works, 2:188; second baptism of fire: Stalin, Works, 8: 174–75. Suny, “A Journeyman for the Revolution,” pp. 373–94. Assassinations, etc.: Geifman, Thou Shalt Kill, p. 414. Smoky and gloomy: Trotsky, Stalin, p. 4. Essad Bey, pp. 123–37. Mikoyan, Tak bylo, pp. 347–48. Shaumian and filth of Baku, Mikoyan, Memoirs, pp. 72–74. Kaleidoscope: Stalin, Works, 2:378. Baku irrepressible: Stalin, Works, 2:141. Oil kingdom: Stalin, Works, 2:141. On Baku, hit men and strikes: Stalin, Works, 2:81–83. Revolutionary centre: Stalin, Works, 1:189. Reiss, The Orientalist, pp. 9–15, including p. 12, “Dodge City” quotation, and Stalin connection with mother and Krasin, pp. 20–21; Essad Bey quotes, “my mother financed Stalin’s press with her diamonds,” p. 21; our city like Wild West, p. 32. Most dangerous place, rootless, physical violence, rapes, prehistoric, Gorky, life expectancy, disembowelled dogs: Baberowski, Der Feind, pp. 62– 67. Nikita Dastakian, Il venait de la Ville Noire: Mauserists. Stalin expert on oil industry: Mgeladze, p. 28. For tales of Baku oil barons, Nobels, the palaces: Faud Akhundov’s series “Legacy of the Oil Barons,” parts 1–4, in Azerbaijan International Magazine, 1994. Farid Alakbarov, “Baku’s Old City: Memories of How It Used to Be,” Azerbaijan International Magazine, Autumn 2002. Also see Manaf Suleymanov’s classic Eskitdiklarim, Okhuduglarim, Gorduklarim (What I Saw, What I Read, What I Heard).

184

3. Berlin, August 1907: RGASPI 558.15095. Kun, pp. 85–87, 341. W. S. Churchill, Second World War, 6:601. Stalin, Works, 2:48; 13:121, 388. Djilas, Conversations with Stalin, p. 79. Smith, pp. 194–96.

185

4. Spandarian a womanizer and fate of wife of Bolshevik: see Olga Spandarian letter to Shaumian in “Suren Spandarian in Siberian Exile,” Vestnik Archivov Armenii, no. 1, 1966. Haemorrhagic colitis: GF IML 8.2.1.34.317–54, Mikheil Misha Monoselidze. GDMS 87.1955–368.1–16, Alexandra “Sashiko” Svanidze- Monoselidze. Typhus rash: author’s interview with Svanidze cousin Mariam Svanidze, aged 109, Tbilisi,2005. GDMS 1955–146.51–6, G. Elisabedashvili. Nursing her: author’s interview with Svanidze cousin Katevan Gelovani, Tbilisi,2005. Volkogonov, Trotsky, p. 11. TB and pneumonia, closed eyes: Levon Shaumian in Kun, p. 342. Sacraments: Delbars, The Real Stalin, pp. 52–53.