Young Stalin

186

1. GDMS 1955–146.51–6, G. Elisabedashvili. GF IML 8.2.1.34.317–54, Mikheil Misha Monoselidze. GDMS 87.1955–368.1–16, Alexandra “Sashiko” Svanidze-Monoselidze. Gori: Davrichewy, p. 35. Iremashvili, pp. 30–40. Stalin in grave: author interview with Svanidze cousin Katevan Gelovani. Announcement: RGASPI 558.4.97. How he loved, overcome with grief, gun, failed to appreciate: RGASPI 558.4.647 Pelageya Onufrieva. Kun, pp. 117 and 341; farce at the funeral, p. 342.

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2. Alliluyev Memoirs, pp. 52–54, 137, 110. Home: GDMS 1955–146.51–6, G. Elisabedashvili. RGASPI 558.4.663, Sergei Alliluyev. Marcou, p. 53. Kun, p. 38. Stalin, Works, 2:42–46 and 188; 8:174–75. Service, Stalin, p. 70. Suny, “A Journeyman for the Revolution,” pp. 373–94. Vulikh in Kun, pp. 129–30. Tucker, p. 105. Smith, pp. 214 and 399. RGASPI 124.1.2035, M. Frumkin. Vyshinsky: GDMS 49, I. Bokov. Ostrovsky, pp. 259–67. RGASPI 558.4.583, I. Bokov. GF IML 8.2.1.19, S. Kavtaradze. GF IML 8.2.1.624.1–26, Bachua Kupriashvili. Sergo Ordzhonikidze in Rokhlin, Dvadtsat piat let Bakinskoi organizatsii bolshevistikov. GF IML 8.2.1.35, I. P. Nadiradze. Shaumian: Mikoyan, Tak bylo, pp. 347–48. Shaumian and filth of Baku: Mikoyan, Memoirs, pp. 72–74. Tatiana Vulikh to Boris Nikolaevsky, Nikolaevsky, box 207, folder ID 207–9. Olga Spandarian letter in “Suren Spandarian in Siberian Exile.” Persia: RGASPI 558.4.583, Mir Bashir Kasumov. Abel Yenukidze, “Iz proshlogo nashei partei,” p. 18; Effendiev, “Istoriya rabochego,” pp. 14–53. Muslim connections with Nariman Narimanov and Mammad Amin Rasulzade, see Rais Rasulzade, “Rasulzade: Founding Father of the First Republic,” Azerbaijan International Magazine, 1999. Rasulzade enjoyed a fascinating career, founding the Azeri SDs (hiding Stalin on the run), then the Musavat Party, then helping create the independent Azerbaijan of 1918–21 before being rescued and taken to Moscow by Stalin, who let him go into exile (where Hitler tried to recruit him as a leader of a German-sponsored Caucasus).

188

3. Stalin in Switzerland: Ostrovsky, p. 265. Plekhanov and daughter in Switzerland: GF IML 8.2.1.3.291–310, Niko Akhmeteli.

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1. Raids in Baku and arrest: fighting squads and arsenal, ship heists, Vyshinsky, electric, almost too conspiratorial, killing opponents, plan to spring Stalin from jail: GF IML 8.2.1.6.183–203, Ivan Bokov. GDMS 49. I. Bokov quoted in Ostrovsky, pp. 259–67. RGASPI 558.4.583, I. Bokov. Vyshinsky on Nicholas I ship heist: Victor Serge, Portraite de Staline, p. 29. Vyshinsky, family in Odessa and Baku, in 1905–7, Bailovka, and in 1917–18: A. Vaksberg, Stalin’s Prosecutor, pp. 13–27. GF IML 8.2.1.19, S. Kavtaradze. GF IML 8.2.1.624.1–26, Bachua Kupriashvili. RGASPI 558.4.523 and 627. RGASPI 4.84. RGASPI 4.107. S. Vereshchak, “Stalin vy tyurme,” Dni, 24 Jan. 1928. Sagirashvili, pp. 182–83. Service, Stalin, pp. 78–79. Marcou, pp. 55–57. For K. Kato pseudonym: Stalin, Works, 2:125–31. Baku girlfriend: GMIKA 24(80).114, Alvasi Talakvadze. Yenukidze, “Iz proshlogo nashei partei,” p. 18. Voroshilov: RGASPI 74.2.130 and 240. Ludmilla Stal, Tatiana Slavatinskaya: F. Chuev, Kaganovich, pp. 160–62. A. Daushvili, Story of Soso Djugashvili, pp. 239 and 252. Stal and Krupskaya in Paris, 1911: Krupskaya, p. 196. Maisky, p. 45. Marcou, p. 66;Lud-milla Stal biography: “Istoki podviga,” Ural, no. 3, 1979. Stalin- Spandarian parties/deviations: GF IML 8.2.1.42, A. D. Sakvarelidze. Sentiment, skinning alive: GF IML 8.2.1.27.202–10, Ivliane Kukulava. Money from Mancho, Rothschilds, Landau, oil companies: RGASPI 124.1.325; RGASPI 71.15.213; RGASPI 558.4.659, Sergei Alliluyev. A. Rokhlin, 25 let Bakinskoi organizatsii bolsheviistikov, pp. 81–83. Ostrovsky is the best historian of the relationship between Stalin and big business, pp. 473–75, 587–89, 593–94. Reiss, The Orientalist, pp. 9–21 and 32. Thanks to Prince Karol Schwarzenberg for Dr. Felix Somary story: it was told to him by Somary himself as an old man. Chechen guards beat up Stalin: I am grateful to Professor Jorg Baberowski for this story. Musa Nageyev kidnapping: Farid Alakbarov, “Baku’s Old City: Memories of How It Used to Be.” Mukhtarov and Stalin, tales of Baku oil barons, Nobels, the palaces, etc.: see Akhundov, “Legacy of the Oil Barons,” parts 1–4. Memoirs of Manaf Suleymanov, Eskitdiklarim; see azeribook.com/history/manaf_suleymanov. For Nageyev, also see Jilar Khanum, granddaughter, and Stalin’s ten-minute chats quoted on echo- az.com/archive/2004_09/911/kultura02.shtml.

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2. Bailov: GF IML 8.2.1.35.35–49, Ilya P. Nadiradze—swap, visit of Keke, hacksaw plan. Vereshchak, “Stalin v tyurme.” Essad Bey, pp. 141–42. Smith, pp. 214–20. Service, Stalin, pp. 79–81. Trotsky, Stalin, p. 120. Sentencing: Ostrovsky, p. 281; Vyshinsky letter, p. 285. Vyshinsky, family in Odessa and Baku, in 1905–7, Bailovka, and in 1917–18: Vaksberg, Stalin’s Prosecutor, pp. 13–27. Trip, Butyrki Prison, Viatka hospital, etc.: RGASPI 558.4.629 and 71.10.276. Louse racing, madness, wrestling, backgammon, Sergo fight versus SRs: GF IML 8.2.1.42, A. D. Sakvarelidze. Plan to spring Stalin from jail: GF IML 8.2.1.6.183–203, Ivan Bokov. Sergo and SRs, Stalin to Voroshilov: RGASPI 73.2.38. Giddy-up, escapes, Budu and Stalin stories: author’s interview with Izolda Mdivani (widow of Budu’s son Vahtang) and Mdivani family, Tbilisi, Georgia,2006. Dirty politics: author’s interview with Yuri Zhdanov. Dirty for the revolution: Beria, p. 18.

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1. Solvychegodsk: GAVO 108.1.5058.1–29. RGASPI 157.916 Stepan Shaumian to M. Tskhakaya. RGASPI 558.4.647—various memoirs in this font include Tatiana Sukhova; F. I. Blinov and Vologda transit jail; Stepan Belyakov, post office/jailer; Alexandra Dobronravova (dancing), A. Dubrovin (Mustafa drowned); M. Krapina on singing and River Cock and escape; priest’s library. On Sukhova and Petrovskaya: GAVO 108.2.3992 and GAVO 108.1.2372. Stalin to Sukhova: RGASPI 558.1.4372. Details of Petrovskaya: office of Baku Governor, J. Djugashvili file including Baku interrogation of S. Petrovskaya and Stalin, RGASPI 558.1.635.1–95. Information from local Vologda archives, train times, etc.—Ostrovsky, pp. 290–92. Service, Stalin, p. 70. Smith, pp. 222–32. Escapes: Daly, Watchful State, p. 72. Sergei Alliluyev, Pravda, 22 Dec. 1939. Alliluyev Memoirs, pp. 136–37. Trotsky in Kun, pp. 96–97.V. Nikonov, Molotov Molodost, pp. 75–90. Georgian stranger helps: Charkviani, “Memoirs.” Stalin to Malakia Toroshelidze: Dubinsky-Mukharadze, Shaumian, p. 156. Bolshevik collapse: Tucker, pp. 147–50. Service, Lenin, pp. 195–98. Lenin on porn quoted in Lauchlan, Russian Hide-and-Seek, p. 245. Stalin and the women: