Matt Ridley

4. Holden, C. and Mace, R. (1997). Phylogenetic analysis of the evolution of lactose digestion in adults. Human Biology 69: 605—28.

C H R O M O S O M E I 4

Two good books on ageing are Steven Austad's Why we age (John Wiley and Sons, 1997) and Tom Kirkwood's Time of our lives (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1999).

1. Slagboom, P. E., Droog, S. and Boomsma, D. I. (1994). Genetic determination of telomere size in humans: a twin study of three age groups. American Journal of Human Genetics 55: 876—82.

2. Lingner, J., Hughes, T. R., Shevchenko, A., Mann, M., Lundblad, V. and B I B L I O G R A P H Y A N D N O T E S 3 2 9

Cech, T. R. (1997). Reverse transcriptase motifs in the catalytic subunit of telomerase. Science 276: 561—7.

3. Clark, M. S. and Wall, W. J. (1996). Chromosomes: the complex code. Chapman and Hall, London.

4. Harrington, L., McPhail, T., Mar, V., Zhou, W., Oulton, R, Bass, M. B., Aruda, I. and Robinson, M. O. (1997). A mammalian telomerase-associated protein. Science 275: 973-7; Saito, T., Matsuda, Y., Suzuki, T., Hayashi, A., Yuan, X., Saito, M., Nakayama, J., Hori, T. and Ishikawa, F. (1997). Comparative gene- mapping of the human and mouse TEP-1 genes, which encode one protein component of telomerases. Genomics 46: 46—50.

5. Bodnar, A. G. et al. (1998). Extension of life-span by introduction of telomerase into normal human cells. Science 279: 349—52.

6. Niida, H., Matsumoto, T., Satoh, H., Shiwa, M., Tokutake, Y., Furuichi, Y. and Shinkai, Y. (1998). Severe growth defect in mouse cells lacking the telomerase RNA component. Nature Genetics 19: 203—6.

7. Chang, E. and Harley, C. B. (1995). Telomere length and replicative aging in human vascular tissues. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 92: 11190—94.

8. Austad, S. (1997). Why we age. John Wiley, New York.

9. Slagboom, P. E., Droog, S. and Boomsma, D. I. (1994). Genetic determination of telomere size in humans: a twin study of three age groups. American Journal of Human Genetics 55: 876—82.

10. Ivanova, R et al. (1998). HLA-DR alleles display sex-dependent effects on survival and discriminate between individual and familial longevity. Human Molecular Genetics 7: 187—94.

11. The figure of 7,000 genes is given by George Martin, quoted in Austad, S. (1997). Why we age. John Wiley, New York.

12. Feng, J. et al. (1995). The RNA component of human telomerase. Science 269: 1236—41.

C H R O M O S O M E 1 5

Wolf Reik and Azim Surani's Genomic imprinting (Oxford University Press, 1997) is a good collection of essays on the topic of imprinting. Many books explore gender differences including my own The Red Queen (Viking, 3 3 0 G E N O M E

1. Holm, V. et al. (1993). Prader-Willi syndrome: consensus diagnostic criteria. Pediatrics 91: 398—401.

2. Angelman, H. (1965). 'Puppet' children. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 7: 681—8.

3. McGrath, J. and Solter, D. (1984). Completion of mouse embryogenesis requires both the maternal and paternal genomes. Cell 37: 179—83; Barton, S. C, Surami, M. A. H. and Norris, M. L. (1984). Role of paternal and maternal genomes in mouse development. Nature 311: 374—6.

4. Haig, D. and Westoby, M. (1989). Parent-specific gene expression and the triploid endosperm. American Naturalist 134: 147—55.

5. Haig, D. and Graham, C. (1991). Genomic imprinting and the strange case of the insulin-like growth factor II receptor. Cell 64: 1045—6.

6. Dawson, W. (1965). Fertility and size inheritance in a Peromyscus species cross. Evolution 19: 44—5 5; Mestel, R. (1998). The genetic battle of the sexes.

Natural History 107: 44—9.

7. Hurst, L. D. and McVean, G. T. (1997). Growth effects of uniparental disomies and the conflict theory of genomic imprinting. Trends in Genetics 13: 436—43; Hurst, L. D. (1997). Evolutionary theories of genomic imprinting. In Reik, W. and Surani, A. (eds), Genomic imprinting, pp. 211-37. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

8. Horsthemke, B. (1997). Imprinting in the Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome region on human chromosome 15. In Reik, W. and Surani, A. (eds), Genomic imprinting, pp. 177-90. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

9. Reik, W. and Constancia, M. (1997). Making sense or antisense? Nature 389: 669—71.

10. McGrath, J. and Solter, D. (1984). Completion of mouse embryogenesis requires both the maternal and paternal genomes. Cell 37: 179-83.

11. Jaenisch, R. (1997). DNA methylation and imprinting: why bother?