191. Weinberg II, 328, 363–4.
192. Weinberg II, 341, 352ff.
193. Weinberg II, 322–3.
194. Weinberg II, 343.
195. Weinberg II, 348; quotation from Lord Halifax to Henderson, 19 March 1938.
196. Weinberg II, 325. For the exaggeration of grievances in German propaganda, see Gedye, 396.
197. Tb Irving, 91 (7 March 1938); and see Irving, Goebbels, 242.
198. Weinberg II, 334.
199. IMG, xxviii.372. The British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain had himself ‘likened Germany to a boa constrictor that had eaten a good meal and was trying to digest the meal before taking anything else’ (cit. Weinberg II, 302).
200. ADAP, D, II, 157, No.106; and see Smelser, 217ff
201. DGFP, D, II, 242, N0.135.
202. DGFP, D, II, 198, N0.197; Weinberg II, 335.
203. Weinberg II, 321; and see Michels, 382, for Goebbels’s propaganda during the Sudeten crisis.
204. See his views as recorded in Ho?bach’s memorandum of the meeting on 5 November 1937 (DGFP, D, I, 29–39, especially 32–4, No.19; Weinberg II, 317, 336).
205. See Hitler’s ‘Denkschrift zur Frage unserer Festungsanlagen’ of 1 July 1938 in Otto-Wilhelm Forster, Das Befestigungswesen, Neckargemund, 1960, Anlage 13, 123–48; also John D. Heyl, ‘The Construction of the Westwall, 1938: An Exemplar for National Socialist Policymaking’, Central European History, 14 (1981), 63–78; and Weinberg II, 318.
206. See Weinberg II, 337.
207. Keitel, 182. Keitel dates the meeting to 20 April. But for the correct date of 21 April see IMG, xxv.415–18, Doc.388–PS; Domarus, 851 (and 851–2 for Schmundt’s notes); and Weinberg II, 337–8 and n.91.
208. Domarus, 851–2; Weinberg II, 338.
209. Keitel, 183; DGFP, D, II.300–303, here 300, No.175.
210. Muller, Beck, 510 (full text pp.502–12); Muller, Heer, 301ff.
211. Keitel, 184; Muller, Heer, 305.
212. Keitel, 184–5; Below, 105–6; Weinberg II, 318, 371; and see Franz W. Seidler, Fritz Todt. Baumeister des Dritten Reiches, Munich, 1986, ch.4. I am grateful to Steven F. Sage for sharing some insights into Todt and his work, which will be re-evaluated in his forthcoming study, and letting me see an unpublished paper he had compiled on Todt. The army’s planning for the Westwall had looked to the construction of large, well-provisioned underground fortresses mirroring the French Maginot Line. This clashed with Hitler’s conception of a far greater number of relatively simple fortified gun-sites and anti-tank structures, aimed heavily at deterrent effect. (See Heyl, 64–5.)
213. See Below, 106.
214. Monologe, 344 (16 August 1942).
215. Schmidt, 390; Bloch, 181.
216. Ciano, Tagebucher 1937/1938, 156–9 (entries for 3–9 May 1938); Eugen Dollmann, Dolmetscher der Diktatoren, Bayreuth, 1963, 37–8; Wiedemann, 140.
217. Schmidt, 392–3; Wiedemann, 141–2; Ciano, Tagebucher, 156, note. There are minor discrepancies between the reliable description of Schmidt and that of Wiedemann (who does not mention the performance of Aida, and has Hitler inspecting a Nazi formation following a glittering dinner attended not by the King, but by the Crown Prince).
218. Bloch, 181.
219. Ciano, Tagebucher, 157 (entry for 6 May 1938); Bloch, 182; see also Schmidt, 394.
220. Domarus, 861; and see Schmidt, 394–5.
221. DGFP, D, I, 1108–10, No.761–2; Weinberg II, 340.
222. DGFP, D, I, 1110, No.762; Weinberg II, 309.
223. Politisches Archiv, Auswartiges Amt, Bonn, Pol.2a 1 (6936), Bd.16, Deutsch-italienische pol. Beziehungen, Jan.-Sept. 1938. (‘Was sudetendeutsche Frage anlangt, so ergaben Unterhaltungen ohne weiteres, da? Italiener fur unsere Anteilnahme am sudetendeutschen Schicksal Verstandnis haben.’)
224. Weizsacker-Papiere, 127–8.
225. See the accounts in Bloch, 183–5; Weinberg II, 367–9; Weinberg, ‘May Crisis’, and Watt, ‘Hitler’s Visit to Rome’.
226. Boris Celovsky, Das Munchener Abkommen 1938, Stuttgart, 1958, 209 and n.2.
227. Schmidt, 395–6.
228. DBFP, Ser.3,1, 332–3, 341, Nos.250, 264.
229. DGFP, D, II, 315–17, No.186.
230. Bloch,185.
231. Bloch, 185; Weinberg II, 369.
232. IMG, xxviii.372. For the suggestion that the timing of Hitler’s order of 30 May was not caused by the May Crisis, but rested on his deliberations of 20 April, see Weinberg II, 366, and 337 n.87, and 370 n.219, for the dating of Jodl’s diary entry to June-July.
233. Keitel, 185 (on Hitler’s return to Berlin; he brings it in direct relation with new directions for ‘Green’). See also Hitler’s public statements, indicating his response to the ‘Czech provocation’, in speeches on 12 September 1938 and 30 January 1939 (Domarus, 868–9).
234. Wilhelm Treue (ed.), ‘Rede Hitlers vor der deutschen Presse (10. November 1938)’, VfZ, 6 (1958), 175–91, here 183.
235. Wiedemann, 126; Dulffer, Marine, Dusseldorf, 1973, 466.
236. Dulffer, Marine, 471–4. Hitler demanded the building of six heavy battleships — the beginnings of the later Z-Plan — saying to Raeder that he needed a ‘risk fleet’ in order to reach terms with Great Britain (‘… da? er eine Risikoflotte haben musse, ohne die es nicht zu einem Ausgleich mit England kommen werde’). (IfZ, ZS-41, Admiral a.D. Werner Fuchs, 16 December 1951, Fol.16.) Raeder was well aware in 1938 of the hopelessness (Aussichtslosigkeit) of a war at sea against the British Navy (BA/MA, PG/34566, Akten des Oberbefehlshabers der Kriegsmarine, Gro?admiral Erich Raeder, ‘Aus der Unterrichtung des Amtschefs A am 12.7.38…’) The navy leadership saw the six battleships as the minimum over the following six years for an eventual conflict with Britain which would involve, taking account of the British Empire and other nations, war against a third to a half of the entire world (BA/MA, PG 34566, Admiral Rolf Carls, ‘Stellungnahme zur “Entwurfstudie” Seekriegfuhrung gegen England’, September 1938).
237. Wiedemann, 128.
238. NCA, i.520–51, Doc.PS-3037; Wiedemann, 127.
239. Muller, Beck, 512–20 (and also 29off.).
240. IMG, xxv.433–9, here 433–4, Doc.388-PS; DGFP, D, II, 358–64, here 358, No.221.
241. ADAP, D, II, 377–80 (quotation, 377), NO.282; DGFP, D, II, 473–7, here 473, NO.282.
242. Michael Geyer, ‘Restorative Elites, German Society, and the Nazi Pursuit of War’, in Richard Bessel (ed.), Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany. Comparisons and Contrasts, Cambridge, 1996, 134–64, here 163; see also Das Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg (= DRZW), ed. Militargeschichtliches Forschungsamt, 6 vols. so far published, Stuttgart, i.644ff.
243. Muller, Beck, 521–37 (and 289–97).
244. Muller, Beck, 523–5.
