cities into dust and ash: Ibid., Kindle location 161. According to Preston, citing German lieutenant colonel Wolfram von Richthofen’s diary, rebel and German leaders were sufficiently frustrated by the slowness of the advance to talk again of reducing Bilbao to “debris and ash.”
Mondays are market days: Jackson, Spanish Republic and the Civil War, 380.
on Monday, April 26, 1937: Preston, Destruction of Guernica, Kindle location 184–237.
Chilean Intellectual Workers Union: The full name of the union was Sindicato Profesional de Trabajadores Intelectuales de Chile.
The fact that Huidobro cofounded: De Costa, “Sobre Huidobro y Neruda,” 381.
“motives of discord”: Ibid., 381–382.
“our dog Flak appeared”: Bizzarro, Pablo Neruda, 144.
“War is as whimsical”: CHV, 542.
“Fraternity this great”: Aznar Soler, Manuel, and Luis Mario Schneider. II Congreso Internacional de Escritores para la Defensa de la Cultura: Valencia-Madrid-Barcelona-Paris, 1937, vol. 3 (Valencia, Spain: Generalitat Valenciana, Conselleria de Cultura, Educació i Ciència, 1987), 262.
“I’m not a communist; I’m an anti-fascist”: Letter dated August 3, 1937, APNF.
“I am not a communist. Nor a socialist”: Morales Alvarez, Raúl. “Habla Neruda: El arte de mañana será un quemante reportaje hecho a la actualidad,” Ercilla, November 12, 1937. Quoted in Carson, Morris E. Pablo Neruda: Regresó el caminante (Aspectos sobresalientes en la obra y la vida de Pablo Neruda) (Madrid: Plaza Mayor, 1971), 87.
Maruca wrote a letter to Trinidad: Reyes, Enigma de Malva Marina, 153.
“This is la Hormiga”: Sáez, La Hormiga, 123.
“She was a charming, cultured woman”: Muñoz, Memorias, 216.
he would have risked expulsion: Author correspondence with José Miguel Varas, March 13, 2006.
“Writers of Every Country”: Frente Popular (Santiago), November 9, 1937. Quoted in Schidlowsky, Las furias y las penas (2008), 1:356.
“the open house is yet”: Sáez, La Hormiga, 125.
they bought the house: Vidal, Virginia. Hormiga pinta caballos: Delia del Carril y su mundo (1885–1989) (Santiago: RIL Editores, 2006), 69.
Shortly after their return to Chile: Sáez, La Hormiga, 127.
“my dear Hormiga of my soul”: Undated letter, APNF.
“Why are you so twisted?”: Aguirre, Margarita. Las vidas de Pablo Neruda (Santiago: Zig-Zag, 1967), 44.
“Enemies of the motherland”: Neruda, Pablo. “Pablo Neruda el 1. de mayo del presente año en la casa del pueblo, de nuestra ciudad, dijo,” La voz radical (Temuco), July 2, 1938. Quoted in Schidlowsky, Las furias y las penas (2008), 1:375.
“The Father”: “El padre,” Memorial de Isla Negra.
Marín noted that the night: Aguirre, Las vidas de Pablo Neruda, 43.
“tied in knots”: Neruda, Pablo. “Algo sobre mi poesía y mi vida,” Aurora, no. 1 (July 1954). Available in OC, 4:930–931.
He adopted a new, humble tone: Moran, Pablo Neruda, 85, including highlighting the roles of baker, carpenter, and miner.
“The More-Mother”: “La mamadre,” Memorial de Isla Negra.
Neruda’s “uncle” Orlando: Letter dated November 16, 1945; from author’s correspondence with Patricio Mason, 2017; and Mason, “History of the Mason Family in Chile.”
Franco launched a final: Jackson, Spanish Republic and the Civil War, 463.
“There are 1,600 intellectuals”: APNF.
Aguirre Cerda received Neruda warmly: CHV, 550.
President Aguirre Cerda signed: The order is in document #18, 1939, APNF.
“the noblest mission”: CHV, 550.
Delia had already been working: Sáez, La Hormiga, 132.
“An Autograph of Pablo Neruda”: Neruda, Pablo. “Un autógrafo de Pablo Neruda,” Aurora de Chile, July 4, 1939.
Neruda and Delia arrived in France: Sáez, La Hormiga, 131.
“The government and political situation”: CHV, 550–551.
When Aguirre Cerda gave: Schidlowsky, Las furias y las penas (2003), 1:372–379.
The French Communist Party: Among other sources, ibid., 1:374.
In the beginning of June: Neruda, Pablo. “Se estarían haciendo gestiones para la traída a Chile de miles de refugiados españoles,” La Hora, June 8, 1939. Quoted in Schidlowsky, Las furias y las penas, 1:428.
“Information in the press informs”: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de Chile, Archivo General Histórico. Quoted in Schidlowsky, Las furias y las penas, 1:375. Like other diplomatic communications, this was uncovered by the meticulous scholar Dr. David Schidlowsky in the previously classified archives of the ministry.
“was fuming at”: Bizzarro, Pablo Neruda, 144.
1,297 males: “Clasificación de los españoles que trae a bordo el ‘Winnipeg,’” La Hora, August 17, 1939. Quoted in Schidlowsky, Las furias y las penas (2008), 1:438.
Chile’s “foremost poet”: “1,600 Refugee Spaniards Due in Chilean Haven This Month,” New York Tribune, August 6, 1939.
“2,078 Spanish Refugees”: “2,078 Spanish Refugees on a 93-Passenger Ship,” New York Times, August 22, 1939.
“Unexpectedly, the arrival”: Letter dated October 2, 1939, APNF.
“With marks of joy”: “To Live Again,” APNF. From Cunard, Nancy. “To Live Again,” March 26, 1940.
“The change could not have been”: Sáez, La Hormiga, 133.
“media reports embarkment”: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de Chile, Archivo General Histórico. Quoted in Schidlowsky, Las furias y las penas (2003), 1:389.
Destitute, Maruca had placed: Feinstein, Adam. Pablo Neruda: A Passion for Life (London: Bloomsbury, 2004), 165.
“My dear Pig”: APNF.
CHAPTER FOURTEEN: AMÉRICA
“The Heights of Macchu Picchu”: Canto XI, Canto General. My translation builds upon earlier versions by John Felstiner and Stephen Kessler.
“The people of America”: “Llena de Grandeza es la página más reciente de Neruda,” Qué hubo, January 2, 1940. Quoted in Schidlowsky, Las furias y las penas (2003), 1: 392–393, and Olivares Briones, Edmundo. Pablo Neruda: Los caminos de América (Santiago: LOM Ediciones, 2004), 23.
“Almost never before had we”: Ibid.
“Delia’s role was to support”: Sáez, La Hormiga, 135.
On June 19, Neruda received: APNF.
On August 21, 1940: According to a Ministry of Foreign Affairs communication by Neruda, document #176. Available in Schidlowsky, Las furias y las penas (2003), 1:408.
His assassination was the culmination: Haynes, John E., and Harvey Klehr. Venona: Decoding Soviet Espionage in America (New Haven, CT; London: Yale University Press, 2000), 250.
In a 2004 article: Schwartz, Stephen. “Bad Poet, Bad Man: A Hundred Years of Pablo Neruda,” Weekly Standard, July 26, 2004.
In a 2006 commentary: Kamm, Oliver. “Why Grass Deserves to Have His Writing Hurled Back in His Face,” London Times, August 19, 2006.
Neruda claimed he never saw: Interview in Marcha (Montevideo), September 17, 1971. Available in OC, 5:1201.
In 1944, the U.S. intelligence: Memo ref. no. 3/NBF/T800, December 7, 1956, Venona Project, NSA. Available at https://www.nsa.gov/news-features/declassified-documents/venona/dated/1944/assets/files/11may_neruda.pdf.
His explanation to authorities: Haynes and Klehr, Venona, 277.
“Pablo Neruda, a fugitive”: Letter dated September 25, 1940, APNF.
where they set up a small: Letter from Neruda to Minister
