Projektgruppe, “Existiert,” 164.
37 On 18 August, see Luck, “Partisanbekampfung,” 232; and Westermann, “Ideological Soldiers,” 57. On “special treatment,” see Musial, Mythos, 145. On the villagers to be destroyed “like Jews,” see Luck, “Partisanbekampfung,” 239.
38 Westermann, “Ideological Soldiers,” 53, 54, 60; Gerlach, Kalkulierte Morde, 705, 919.
39 For the reckoning of 208,089 Jews killed in Belarus in 1942, see Brandon, “The Holocaust in 1942.” This does not include the Bialystok region, which was part of the BSSR in 1939–1941 but not after the war.
40 On Gottberg, see Klein, “Massenmorder,” 95-99. On Bach and for the numbers cited, see Luck, “Partisanbekampfung,” 233, 239.
41 Stang, “Dirlewanger,” 66-70; Ingrao, Chasseurs, 20-21, figure (“at least thirty thousand civilians”) at 26, 132; Gerlach, Kalkulierte Morde, 958; MacLean, Hunters, 28, 133.
42 On the kill quotas, see Gerlach, Kalkulierte Morde, 890. On Operation Swamp Fever, see Gerlach, Kalkulierte Morde, 911-913, 930; Benz, Einsatz, 239; Matthaus, “Reibungslos,” 267; and Ingrao, Chasseurs, 34. On Jeckeln, see Brakel, Unter Rotem Stern, 295. On Hornung, see Gerlach, Kalkulierte Morde, 946; and Klein, “Massenmorder,” 100.
43 Brakel, Unter Rotem Stern, 304; Smilovitsky, “Antisemitism,” 220. On the prewar communists, see Rein, “Local Collaborators,” 394.
44 On the eight hundred policemen and militiamen, see Musial, Mythos, 266. On the twelve thousand, see Mironowicz, Bialorus, 160. See also Slepyan, Guerillas, 209.
45 Szybieka, Historia, 345, 352; Mironowicz, Bialorus, 159.
46 On October 1942, see Nolte, “Partisan War,” 274.
47 Klein, “Zwischen,” 100.
48 On Operation Cottbus, see Gerlach, Kalkulierte Morde, 948; Pohl, Herrschaft, 293; Musial, Mythos, 195; and Verbrechen, 492. On the swine, see Luck, “Partisanbekampfung,” 241.
49 On Operation Hermann, see Musial, Mythos, 212; and Gerlach, Kalkulierte Morde, 907.
50 On the shooting of 127 Poles, see Musial, Mythos, 210. See also Jasiewicz, Zaglada , 264-265.
51 Brakel, Unter Rotem Stern, 317; Gogun, Stalinskie komandos, 144.
52 Shephard, “Wild East,” 174; Angrick, Einsatzgruppe D, 680-689. Quotation: Luck, “Partisanbekampfung,” 242.
53 Birn, “Anti-Partisan Warfare,” 291; see also, generally, Klein, “Zwischen,” 96.
54 Dallin, Brigade, 8-58.
55 Chiari, Alltag, 138; Szybieka, Historia, 346; Mironowicz, Bialorus, 148, 155.
56 Szybieka, Historia, 346.
57 Musial, “Sowjetische,” 183.
58 On the figures cited (“fifteen thousand” and “ninety-two”), see Ingrao, Chasseurs , 36. For the figure of 5,295 localities, see Gerlach, Kalkulierte Morde, 943. On the 10,431 partisans reported shot, see Klee, Gott mit uns, 55. On the diary, see Luck, “Partisanbekampfung,” 239. See also Matthaus, “Reibungslos,” 268.
59 Gerlach, Kalkulierte Morde, 1158.
60 On the killing of 17,431 people as traitors, see Musial, Mythos, 261. On class enemies, see Jasiewicz, Zaglada, 264-265.
61 Gerlach, Kalkulierte Morde, 1160. Chiari estimates that 276,000 Poles had been killed or moved by the end of the war; see Alltag, 306.
62 On the crematoria, see Gerlach, “Mogilev,” 68. On Asgard, see Gerlach, Kalkulierte Morde, 425.
63 Arad, Reinhard, 136-137.
CHAPTER 8: THE NAZI DEATH FACTORIES
1 Compare two fundamental works by one historian: Arad, Reinhard, and Arad, Soviet Union.
2 Quotation: Wasser, Raumplannung, 61, also 77. On the special status of Lublin, see Arad, Reinhard, 14; Musial, “Przypadek,” 24; and Dwork, Auschwitz, 290. On the implementation of Generalplan Ost known as the “Zamosc Action,” see Autuchiewicz, “Stan,” 71; Aly, Architects, 275; and Tooze, Wages of Destruction, 468. On the date cited (13 October 1941), see Pohl, “Znaczenie,” 45.
3 Browning, Origins, 419; Rieger, Globocnik, 60.
4 On the lack of personnel, see Musial, “Przypadek,” 31. On German preferences, see Black, “Handlanger,” 315.
5 Browning, Origins, 419; Black, “Handlanger,” 320.
6 Evans, Third Reich at War, 84-90.
7 Quotation: Gerlach, “Wannsee,” 782. See also Rie?, “Wirth,” 244; Pohl, “Znaczenie,” 45; and Poprzeczny, Globocnik, 163. On Wirth’s role, see Black, “Prosty,” 105; and Scheffler, “Probleme,” 270, 276. The “euthanasia” program continued, with greater
8 Kershaw, Final Solution, 71; Mazower, Hitler’s Empire, 191 and passim.
9 Quotation: Kershaw, Final Solution, 66. See also, generally, Mallmann, “Rozwiazac,” 85-95, date at 95; Horwitz, Ghettostadt, 154; and Friedlander, Origins, 314-318. On Lange, see Friedlander, Origins, 286; and Kershaw, Final Solution, 71.
10 According to Arad, Wirth was responsible for the design; see Reinhard, 24.
11 See Pohl, Ostgalizien; and Sandkuhler, Galizien.
12 Arad, Reinhard, 44, 56; Mlynarczyk, Judenmord, 252, 257. On 14 March, see Rieger, Globocnik, 108. On the 1,600 Jews who lacked labor documents, see Poprzeczny, Globocnik, 226.
13 Mlynarczyk, Judenmord, 260.
14 On the daily quotas and more generally, see Mlynarczyk, Judenmord, 260; and Pohl, Verfolgung, 94.
15 For the figure 434,508, see Witte, “New Document,” 472. Pohl counts three survivors; see Verfolgung, 95. On Wirth, see Black, “Prosty,” 104. The commander of Belzec as of August 1942 was Gottlieb Hering.
16 On Cracow, see Grynberg, Zycie, 3; Pohl, Verfolgung, 89; and Hecht, Memories, 66.
