The World Until Yesterday

infant care, 191–92

infanticide, 178–79, 286, 287

sources of information about, 478, 479

territoriality, 46–47, 50–51

trade, 66, 68 table, 70, 74

violence, 286–90

warfare, 151–52, 156, 287, 288

Kurita, Takeo, 217

Kutenai Indians, 215

Lahey, Joanna, 223

land use

field scattering, 303–6

non-exclusive, 45–49

property rights of elders, 229–30

See also territoriality

language diversity, 31, 371–82, 395–96

evolution of, 374–76

geographic variation, 376–82

multilingualism and, 385–86

New Guinea, 3–4, 7, 28, 371–72, 374, 377, 378–79, 381–82

in origin myths, 324, 346

value of, 404–8

viewed as harmful, 371, 386–87, 399, 402–4

See also language loss

language learning, 385, 386, 387, 400–401, 463

language loss, 370–71, 395–409

geographic variations, 397–98

mechanisms of, 398–401

preventing, 408–9

rates of, 396–97

See also language diversity

language(s), 24, 369–409

culture and, 370, 405, 406, 407–8

dialects, 372–74

evolution of, 374–76

group affiliation and, 376

language expansion, 21–22, 380–81, 386

language giants, 371–72, 379–80

speech community sizes, 372, 379, 385

state languages, 401, 404

terms for outsiders, 51

warfare and, 164, 165

See also language diversity; multilingualism; writing; specific areas and languages

Lapps, 215

Lascaux cave, 340, plate 25

Latin America. See South America; specific countries and peoples

Latin language, 396

laws, 99, 108

Leahy, Daniel, 57, plate 30

Leahy-Dwyer patrol, 57–58, plates 30, 31

Leahy, Michael, 57, 58

LeBlanc, Steven, 130

Leclerc, Charles, 138

Lee, Richard, 74, 286–88, 301, 302–3

leopards, 280

Lessa, William, 327 table

Lewis, David, 216

life expectancies, 211–12, 231, 233, 245, 277, 353

lightning, 281

lions, 154–55, 271, 280

Lissmann, Hans, 335

livestock, 157, 158, 229, 295, 313

See also animal domestication; cows; herding societies

Maasai people, 446

Machiguenga Indians, 15, 27 fig., 48, 156

Madagascar, 200

magic, 297–98, 348–49, 350

sorcery, 159, 249–50

Mailu Islanders, 17, 26 fig., 67, 72–73, 203

Malai Island, 59–60

Siassi traders, 59–60, 61, 66, 67, 68 table, 75

malaria, 292, 294, 297, 412

Malinowski, Bronislaw, 72, 195–96, 348–49

mammal young, 183, 186

Mandan Indians, 398

Mandarin Chinese, 372, 405

mandatory retirement, 223–24, 234, 239

manufactured goods

made by old people, 218–19, plate 22

material goods in WEIRD societies, 456, 459, 460–61

traditional trade in, 68–69 table, 69–70, 72–73

Maori language, 404, 409

Maori people, 135, 144, 150–51, 309 table, 311, 312

Mapuche Indians, 439 table

Marind people, 158

market economies, 61–65

marriage, 8, 228–29

divorce, 90–91, 105–6

exogamy, 43, 76, 291, 457

husband-wife conflict, 93, 94, 100

linguistic exogamy, 384, 385

marriage partner trades, 70

neolocal households, 222, 223, 233

patrilocal households, 166–67, 222–23, 291

warfare between groups who intermarry, 165, 166–67

Marshall, Lorna, 51

Martu people, 197, 200