Enemy at the Gates

From interviews with Luba Bessanova, Tania Chernova and the author’s own impressions during a battlefield tour. Also Victor Nekrassov’s Front Line Stalingrad and Yeremenko’s Stalingrad.

PREPARATIONS FOR THE DEFENSE OF STALINGRAD

From A. D. Kolesnik’s The Great Victory on the Volga, 1942-1943; V. Koroteev’s Stalingrad Sketches and I Saw It; A. M. Samsonov’s The Stalingrad Battle and Stalingrad Epopeya; M. A. Vodolagin’s The Defense of Stalingrad and Stalingrad in the Great Patriotic War; Kantor and Tazurin’s The Volgarians in the Battles Around Stalingrad; Yeremenko’s Stalingrad.

Chapter Five

THE ROUT OF THE RUSSIAN ARMIES WEST OF THE DON

From interviews with Ignacy Changar, Jacob Grubner, Hersch Gurewicz, Nikolai Tomskuschin, and a former Red Army colonel who asked to remain anonymous.

THE FIGHT FOR KALACH

From interviews with Josef Linden and Gerhard Meunch. From Pyotr Ilyin’s reminiscences in Voyenno-Istoricheskii Zhurnal (hereinafter referred to as V.I.Z.), no. 10. 1961.. Also Das Kleeblatt, the German Seventy-first Division Magazine, and Paul Carell’s Hitler Moves East 1941–43.

THE GERMAN BREAKTHROUGH TO THE VOLGA

From interviews with Friedrich Breining, Franz Broder, Hans Mich, Ottmar Kohler, Hans Oettl, Arthur Schmidt. From statements by Franz Brendgen. Also Werthen’s History of the Sixteenth Panzer Division and Gerhard von Dieckhoff’s The Third Infantry Division (Motorized). Also Y. Chepurin’s “The Fire Frontier,” lzvestia, February 2, 1963; S. Dyhne’s Ruben’s “Drops of Blood,” Voyennyi Vestnik, no. 2, 1968; and N. Melnikov’s “Let Us Fraternize,” Krasnaya Zvezda, February 2, 1963. Also Yeremenko’s Stalingrad. Ruben Ibarruri was the son of Dolores Ibarruri, La Passionaria of Spanish Civil War fame. Ruben died trying to hold the Germans at the approaches to Stalingrad.

Chapter Six

THE BOMBING OF STALINGRAD AND ITS EFFECTS

From interviews with Alexander Akimov, Gregori Denisov, Kirill Sazykin, Pyotr Zabarskikh and recollections of Mrs. K. Karmanova, Mrs. V. N. Kliagina, V. Nekrassov, P. Nerozia, C. Viskov, and M. Vodolagin in Agapov’s After The Battle; E. Genkina’s Heroic Stalingrad; E. Gerasimov’s The Stalingradians; V. Koroteev’s I Saw It; V. Nekrassov’s Front Line Stalingrad; I. Paderin’s In the Main Direction, and M. A. Vodolagin’s The Defense of Stalingrad and Under the Walls of Stalingrad. Also Nikita Khrushchev’s Khrttshchev Remembers; Yeremenko’s Stalingrad; and A. Zarubina’s Women in the Defense of Stalingrad; also The Epic Story of Stalingrad (Collection).

Chapter Seven

GERMAN CORRIDOR TO THE VOLGA

From interviews with Franz Broder, Ottmar Kohler, Hans Oettl; statements by Franz Brendgen and Otto von der Heyde; also Werthen’s History of the Sixteenth Panzer Division and Dieckhoff’s The Third Infantry Division (Motorized).

RUSSIAN DEFENSE

From interviews with Alexander Akimov, Gregori Denisov, Jacob Grubner. Also E. Genkina’s Heroic Stalingrad; E. Gerasimov’s The Stalingradians; A. D. Kolesnik’s The Great Victory on the Volga; L. P. Koren’s There Is a Clift on the Volga; V. Koroteev’s Stalingrad Sketches and I Saw It; I. M. Loginov’s The Militia in the Battle for Its Homeland. Also Red Army Front Newspaper, August 31, 1942. Also Samsonov’s The Stalingrad Battle and Stalingrad Epopeya; Yeremenko’s Stalingrad; The Epic Story of Stalingrad (collection); and The Fight for Stalingrad (collection).

Chapter Eight

STALIN AND ZHUKOV

From Zhukov’s Marshal Zhukov’s Greatest Battles and The Memoirs of Marshal Zhukov; also Zhukov and Vasilevsky in Stalingrad Epopeya.

HITLER, HALDER, JODL

From an interview with Adolf Heusinger plus Halder’s diary. Also William L. Shirer’s The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich and Speer’s Inside the Third Reich.

FOURTH PANZER ARMY ADVANCE

From interviews with Fritz Dieckmann and Hubert Wirkner; Han Schiller’s diary; plus German Twenty-ninth Motorized Division History; also V. Chuikov’s The Battle for Stalingrad; plus Paul Carell’s Hitler Moves East.

KHRUSHCHEV’S CONVERSATION WITH STALIN

From Khrushchev’s Khrushchev Remembers.

Chapter Nine

VASSILI CHUIKOV’S ASSUMPTION OF COMMAND

From N. I. Krylov in Stalingrad Epopeya; Chuikov’s The Battle for Stalingrad and Yeremenko’s Stalingrad.

THE MEETINGS AT THE KREMLIN

From A. M. Vasilevsky in Stalingrad Epopeya and Zhukov’s Marshal Zhukov’s Greatest Battles and The Memoirs of Marshal Zhukov.

THE ENTRY OF GERMAN INFANTRY INTO CENTRAL STALINGRAD

From interviews with Giinter von Below, Gerhard Dietzel, Gerhard Meunch, Arthur Schmidt; statement by Hans Schiller. Also Werner Halle’s diary in Twenty-ninth Division history.

RUSSIAN COUNTERMOVES (this and next two chapters)

Chuikov’s The Battle for Stalingrad; A. S. Chuyanov’s “From the Stalingrad Diary,”