Enemy at the Gates

Oktyaber no. 2, 1968; E. Kriger’s article in lzvestia, Feb. 3, 1970; Ivan Paderin’s “Infantryman of the Party,” Krasnaya Zvedza, Feb. 2, 1963, and his In the Main Direction; Colonels Petrakov and Yelin’s recollections in The Fight for Stalingrad; A. I. Rodimtsev’s “Stormy Days and Nights,” Yunost, no. 2, 1968; his On the Banks of the Mandanares and Volga and On the Last Frontier, and his excerpted diary in Sovetskaya Rossiya, Feb. 1, 1970; K. K. Rokossovsky’s “The Stalingrad Epopeya,” Sputnik, no. 2, 1968; I. Samchuk’s The Thirteenth Guards; M. Vavilova’s “A Severe Existence” in Krasnaya Zvezda, Feb. I, 1963; Samsonov’s The Stalingrad Battle and Stalingrad Epopeya.

Chapter Ten

SOVIET CIVILIANS

From B. V. Druzhinin (collection) Two Hundred Fiery Days; Genkina, Gerasimov, Grossman and Koroteev (works previously cited); Vodolagin’s Under the Walls of Stalingrad.

THE GERMAN SEVENTY-FIRST DIVISION

From interviews with Gunter von Below and Gerhard Meunch; also daily reports of the Seventy-first Infantry Division.

THE VOLGA CROSSING BY SOVIET REINFORCEMENTS FOR THE SIXTY-SECOND ARMY

From interviews with Tania Chernova, Pyotr Deriabin and Alexei Petrov. Also Chuikov’s The Battle for Stalingrad, Genkina’s Heroic Stalingrad; Gerasimov’s The Stalingradians; V. I. Grossman’s Stalingrad Hits Back; M. Ingor’s Siberians—The Heroes of Stalingrad; V. Koroteev’s Stalingrad Sketches and I Saw It; Samsonov’s Stalingrad Epopeya and The Stalingrad Battle.

ATTITUDE OF GERMAN SOLDIERS IN LATE SEPTEMBER

From interviews with Wilhelm Alter, Karl Binder, Friedrich Breining, Emil Metzger, Josef Metzler, Hans Oettl, Herbert Rentsch, Carl Rodenburg; also Paul Epple, Georg Frey, Karl Geist, Anton Kappler, Oskar Stange.

OPERATION URANUS TALKS

Zhukov’s memoirs previously cited. Vasilevsky’s “Unforgettable Days,” V.I.Z., 1965. Also Samsonov’s The Stalingrad Battle and Stalingrad Epopeya. Chapter Eleven

PAVLOV’S HOUSE

From I. F. Afanasyev’s House of The Soldier’s Fame, and his article in Krasnaya Zvedza, Feb. 2, 1963. Also I. Gummer and Y. Harin’s Heroes Chapter Notes / 427 of The Big Battle; V. Gurkin’s “The Pavlov House,” no. 2, 1963. L. Savelyev’s “I Am From the House of Pavlov,” Sovetskaya Rossiya, Feb. 2, 1963. Also Ronald Seth’s Stalingrad: Point of Return.

SNIPING AND ZAITSEV’S DUEL WITH MAJOR KONINGS

From an interview with Tania Chernova. Also V. Zaitsev’s Notes of a Sniper and V. Yuriev’s The Great Victory of Stalingrad; V.1.Z., no. 8, 1966; Chuikov’s The Battle for Stalingrad.

GERMAN BUILDUP AND ATTACK ON FACTORY DISTRICT

From interviews with Wilhelm Alter, Eugen Baumann, Karl Binder, Franz Deifel, Heinz Giessel, Heinrich Klotz, Ottmar Kohler, Heinz Neist, Arthur Schmidt, and Rudolf Taufer. Also Sixth Army records, October 6–30 (see Documents).

SOVIET INTELLIGENCE OPERATIONS AND AIR STRENGTH

From Chuikov’s The Battle for Stalingrad; N. Denisov’s “On Airports Near the Volga,” Aviatska I. Kosmonavtika, no.. 1, 1968. I. Dynin’s “Smoky Sky,” Krasnaya Zvezda, Feb. 2, 1968; N. E. Lentchevsky’s Trial by Fire; A. Vladimirov’s “Air Force in the Battle of Stalingrad” in Vestnik Vozduzknoge Flota, May 1943.

RUSSIAN DEFENSE OF THE FACTORIES

From interviews with Alexander Akimov, Pyotr Deriabin, Hersch Gurewicz, Alexei Petrov, and Pyotr Zabavkiksh. Also Boris Filimonov’s The Immortals; V. Gartchinko’s “Tempered in the Fire,” Krasnaya Zvezda, Feb. 2, 1968; Genkina’s Heroic Stalingrad; Gerasimov’s The Stalingradians; A. Kolesnik’s The Great Battle on the Volga; I..Lyudnikov’s “Soldiers on the Barricades,” Ogonyok, no. 5, 1968; I. Paderin’s In the Main Direction; E. T. Siserov in The Fight for Stalingrad; I. Semin’s Stalingrad Tales.

Chapter Twelve

FIGHTING AROUND THE BARRIKADY AND RED OCTOBER PLANT

From interviews with Ignacy Changar, Tania Chemova, Hersch Gurewicz, Heinz Neist, Alexei Petrov, Ernst Wohlfahrt and from diaries of Karl Binder and Wilhelm Kreiser. Also German Seventy-ninth Division History—The Way of the Seventy-ninth Infantry Division, 1939-1945, and a series of orders to German 305th Division regiments on seizing the factory district, plus K. S. Belov’s From the Volga to Prague; N. I. Biryukov’s Two Hundred Days in Battle; A. D. Kolesnik’s The Great Victory on the Volga; A. D. Stupov’s The Sixty- second Army in the Stalingrad Battles; and Samsonov’s The Stalingrad Battle and Stalingrad Epopeya.

Chapter Thirteen

RUSSIAN BUILDUP AND GERMAN REACTION

From interviews with Winrich Behr, Gregori Denisov, Hersch Gurewicz, Alexei Petrov, Emil Metzger, Arthur Schmidt, Wolf Pelikan; a statement by Karl Ostarhild (see Second Television Company, Wiesbaden, Germany, documentary film on twenty-fifth anniversary of Battle of Stalingrad); and a report by German Intelligence East, September—November, 1942. Also Reinhard Gehlen’s The Service and Goerlitz’s Paulus and Stalingrad. For statements by Batov, Kazakov, Lelyushenko, Popov, Rokossovsky, Telegin, Vasilevsky, Zheltov, Zhukov, etc., see Samsonov’s Stalingrad Epopeya and The Stalingrad Battle, as well as Freiherr von Richthofen’s diary.

Chapter Fourteen

HITLER’S SPEECH IN MUNICH