Enemy at the Gates

From Speer’s Inside the Third Reich. The author also visited the Lowenbraukeller and inspected the stage where Hitler accepted his cronies’ applause.

THE PIONEERS AND LYUDNIKOV

From interviews with Karl Binder, Wilhelm Giebeler, Josef Linden, Ernst Wohlfahrt; also Linden monograph, Eugen Rettenmaier’s diary and Herbert SeIle’s The Tragedy of Stalingrad; Lyudnikov’s “There Is A Cliff on The Volga” from Druzhinin’s Two Hundred Fiery Days; Lyudnikov’s article in Ogonyok, no. 5, Jan. 1968; S. Glukhovsky’s Lyudnikov’s Island.

SOVIET BUILDUP

The D papers (previously mentioned).

Chapter Fifteen

CONDITIONS IN THE STEPPE

From interviews with Friedrich Breining, Karl Binder, Ekkehart Brunnert, Karl Englehardt, Herbert Rentsch, Gottlieb Slotta; also Herbert Selle’s The Tragedy of Stalingrad.

SOVIET SOLDIERS LIFE BEHIND THE FRONT LINES

From interviews with Alexander Akimov, Ignacy Changar, Tania Chernova, Pyotr Deriabin, Hersch Gurewicz, and Alexei Petrov. Also Genkina’s Heroic Stalingrad and Gerasimov’s The Stalingradians; Grossman’s Stalingrad Hits Back.

STALIN—VOLSKY

From Vasilevsky and Zhukov in Stalingrad Epopeya. Also Zhukov’s own memoirs (previously mentioned), and V. T. Volsky’s story in V.I.Z., no. 10, 1965.

THE APPROACH TO ZERO HOUR

Interviews with Winrich Behr, Hermann Kastle, Wolf Pelikan, Alexei Petrov, and Abraham Spitkovsky. Also Werthen’s History of the Sixteenth Panzer Division.

Chapter Sixteen

RUSSIAN OFFENSIVE (November 19-27, Chapters Sixteen and Seventeen.)

From interviews with Wilhelm Altar, Winrich Behr, Karl Binder, Horst Caspari, Franz Deifel, Pyotr Deriabin, Gerhard Dietzel, Isabella Feige, Karl Geist, Heinz Giessel, Gerhard Hassler, Herman Kastle, Dionys Kaiser, Leah Kalei, Heinz Lieber, Josef Linden, Xaver Marx, Wolf Pelikan, Albert Hager, Wilhelm Plass, Carl Rodenburg, Arthur Schmidt, Abraham Spitkovsky, Eugen Steinhilber, Siegfried Wendt, and statements by Karl Ostarhild (television documentary mentioned previously). Also, Heinz Schroter’s Stalingrad; Herbert Selle’s The Tragedy of Stalingrad; German Motorized Twenty-ninth Division history; Gram’s The Fourteenth Panzer Division; Werthen’s History of the Sixteenth Panzer Division; and The 384th Infantry Division (privately published); and Alex Buchrier’s Combat Report of Second Battalion, Sixty-fourth Armored Infantry Regiment. Also, the War Diary of the Seventy-sixth Infantry Division and Karl Binder diary; Rumanian Army Records (see Documents for this period); plus Goerlitz’s Paulus and Stalingrad; Carell’s Hitler Moves East, and Philippi and Heim’s The Campaign Against Soviet Russia 1941–1945. Also, P. I. Batov’s In Campaigns and Battles; Michael Bragin’s “Stalingrad—Uranus, Saturn and Tanks,” Moscva, no. 2, 1968; M. Popov’s “South of Stalingrad,” V.I.Z., no. 2, 1961; Rokossovsky’s “Victory on The Volga,” V.I.Z., no. 2, 1968; A. Telegin’s “Between Volga and Don,” Voyenny Vestnik, no. 2, 1963; A. Zheltov’s “The Southwest Front of the Counterattack of Stalingrad,” V.I.Z., no. 11, 1967; P. Zhidkov’s “How the Ring Around the German Sixth Army Was Closed,” V.I.Z., no. 3, 1962; also A. P. Bachurin’s Front Memoirs; Chuikov’s The Battle for Stalingrad; Khrushchev’s memoir; Koroteev’s Stalingrad Miracle; K. Morozov’s The Regiments Fought Like Guards and The Fight for the Volga: and various participants’ recollections in Samsonov’s Stalingrad Epopeya; and Yeremenko and Zhukov books previously cited.

Contrary to many Western accounts, the vital bridge at Kalach fell on November 22, not November 21.

Chapter Seventeen

COLLAPSE OF RUMANIAN ARMIES AND REPERCUSSIONS

From Winrich Behr diary; records of German military mission to Rumania (see Documents); Frank Capra’s, documentary movie The Battle for Russia; Henry Cassidy’s Moscow Dateline; Erich von Manstein’s Lost Victories; General Platon Chimoaga’s monograph on unfairness of Germans to their Rumanian allies.

EAST PRUSSIAN CONFERENCES

From interview with Adolf Heusinger; Kurt Zeitzler’s remarks in The Fatal Decisions; Cajus Bekker’s The Luftwaffe War Diaries; also Carell’s Hitler Moves East, 1941-1943.

NEWLY FORMED KESSEL

From interviews with Karl Binder, Hermann Castle, Emil Metzger, Heinz Neist, Hans Oettl, Albert Pfliiger, Arthur Schmidt; Schiller diaries; Giinter Toepke’s book; also Wilhelm Kreiser diary.

Chapter Eighteen

THE AIRLIFT

From Paulus’ private papers and Richthofen diary; Cajus Bekker’s The Luftwaffe War Diaries; Goerlitz’s Paulus and Stalingrad; Fritz Morjik’s The German Transport Command in the Second World War; H. von Rohden’s The Luftwaffe Struggle for Stalingrad; also Carell’s Hitler Moves East 1941–1943.

THE KESSEL AND RUSSIAN ATTACKS

From interviews with Karl Binder, plus Binder diary; Franz Deifel, Hersch Gurewicz, Anton Kappler, Heinrich Klotz, Heinz Lieber, Albert Pfliiger, Friedrich Syndicus, Hubert Widmer; also statements by Wilhelm Plass and Rudi Pothmann; Eugen Rettenmaier diary. Also von Dieckhoff’s The Twenty-ninth Motorized Division History; A. D. Kolesnik’s The Great Victory on the Volga and V. Koroteev’s, Stalingrad Miracle, Stalingrad Sketches and I Saw it.

Chapter Nineteen

OPERATION WINTER STORM

From interview with Alexei Petrov. From War Diary Tank Regiment Eleven, Sixth Panzer Division (see Horst Schiebert’s Relief Operation Stalingrad); also Manstein’s Lost