Catherine the Great

81. Khrapovitskii, 1–2, 18 Apr. and 25 July 1782; J. M. Hartley, ‘Catherine’s conscience court—an English equity court?’, in Russia and the West in the Eighteenth Century, ed. A. G. Cross (Newtonville, MA, 1981).

82. Madariaga, 292–5.

83. Montefiore, 237–8, gives different dates.

84. Grimm, 152, 14 July 1779.

85. KfZh (1781), 654.

86. ‘Peterburgskoe obshchestvo’, 300, 12 Oct. 1781.

87. KfZh (1782), 50.

88. Grimm, 242–3, 28 June 1782.

89. Falconet, 130, C. to Falconet, 1 June 1770, records the complaint of the ‘scandalised’ Chebyshev, chief procurator of the Holy Synod. cf. Schenker, Bronze Horseman, 249–51.

90. Harris to Grantham, 9 Aug. 1782, quoted in C. Frank, ‘“A man more jealous of glory than of wealth”: Houdon’s dealings with Russia’, in Jean-Antoine Houdon: Sculptor of the Enlightenment, ed. A. L. Poulet (Washington, D.C., 2003), 56.

91. Grimm, 64–5, 10 Sept. 1777.

92. Corberon, ii: 177–80, 21–22 Sept. NS; Proschwitz, 93, C. to Gustav III, 29 Sept. 1777.

93. Lopatin, 118, after 10 Sept. 1777. C. remembered the precise height of the waters in 1777 when the river rose again (by only seven feet) in 1794: Grimm, 603, 21 Apr. 1794.

94. Dimsdale, 41.

95. PSZ, xx: 14,968, 14 Jan. 1780. For an inspection, see KfZh (1786), 371–4. On the dispute in 1787, see Alexander, 261.

96. Storch, 15. See also, Stedingk, i: 40.

97. Quoted in Shvidkovsky, The Empress and the Architect, 45.

98. V. Shevchenko, ‘Proekt “antichnogo doma” dlia Ekateriny II. Mify i real’nost”, in L. Tedeschi and N. Navone, eds., Ot mifa k proektu: Vliianie ital’ianskikh i tichinskikh arkhitektorov v Rossii epokhi klassitsima (SPb, 2004), 76–9.

99. Grimm, 379, 7 July 1786; Shvidkovsky, The Empress and the Architect, 61– 9.

100. Shvidkovsky, The Empress and the Architect, 85; Dimsdale, 53. See also Grimm, 239, 2 June 1782.

101. Grimm, 207–8, 22 June 1781.

102. SIRIO, ix: 140, C. to Maria Fedorovna, 23 Apr. 1782.

103. Quoted in S. Massie, Pavlovsk: The Life of a Russian Palace (London, 1990), 32–3, where the visit is dated 11 May, presumably the NS date of K. Kiukhel’beker’s letter to Maria Fedorovna. Compare SIRIO, ix: 145–7, C. to Mariia Fedorovna, 2 May 1782; KfZh (1782), 186, 29 Apr.

104. Grimm, 157, 23 Aug. 1779.

105. Grimm, 255, 15 Nov. 1782.

106. Corberon, i: 156, 4 Feb. 1776 NS.

107. A. Moore, ‘The Houghton Sale’, in British Art Treasures, 46–55; J. Conlin, The Nation’s Mantelpiece: A history of the National Gallery (London, 2006), 21–8.

108. Grimm, 47, 18 Apr. 1776; 145, 18 June 1779. See also C. Frank, ‘“Plus il y en aura, mieux ce sera”— Caterina II di Russia e Anton Raphael Mengs. Suo ruolo degli agenti ‘cesarei’ Grimm e Reiffenstein’, in Mengs: La Scoperta del Neoclassico, ed. S. Roettgen (Padua, 2001), 86–95.

109. Grimm, 167, 2 Jan. 1780; 253, 14 Nov. 1782; McGrew, 134; Charles-Louis Clerisseau (1721–1820): Dessins du musee de l’Ermitage Saint-Petersbourg (Paris, 1995).

110. Grimm, 93, 21 June 1778; Frank, ‘“A man more jealous of glory than wealth”’, in Jean- Antoine Houdon, ed. Poulet, 54–5.

111. Bentham, ii: 201, J. Bentham to S. Bentham, 20–21 Dec. 1778.

112. M. P. Alekseev, ‘Biblioteka Vol’tera v Rossii’, in Biblioteka Vol’tera: Katalog knig (Leningrad, 1961), 9, 26.

113. Grimm, 221, 27 Sept. 1781.

114. S. Ia. Karp, ‘Perepiska Grimma s Verzhennom (1775–1777)’, in Russko-frantsuzskie kul’turnye sviazi v epokhu Prosveshcheniia: Materialy i issledovaniia (M, 2001), 137–8, Grimm to Vergennes, 15 Feb. 1777. De Mailly’s piece was delivered, to general acclamation, in June 1778: see Grimm, 95.

115. Grimm, 84, 2–4 Mar. 1778; N. Rotshtein, ‘Novyia knigi po keramiki’, Starye gody, Apr. 1909, 219. ‘A Rouble is 5 French livres’, Bentham, ii: 126, J. Bentham to S. Bentham, 18 June 1778.

116. Grimm, 135, 16 Apr. 1779.

117. Quarenghi, 58, to Betskoy, July 1784.

118. Madariaga, 387–9; Smith, Love and Conquest, 115–20; Montefiore, 246–9, 252–9; Lopatin, 176, 15 July 1783.

119. L. V. Tychinina and N. B. Bessarabova, Kniaginia Dashkova i imperatorskii dvor (M, 2006), 40–63, summarises the evidence of KfZh.

120. Madariaga, 535.

121. G. I. Smagina, ‘Kniaginia Ekaterina Romanovna Dashkova: Shtrikhi k portretu’, in E. R. Dashkova, O smysle slova ‘vospitanie’: sochineniia, pis’ma, dokumenty (M, 2001), 56–63, 71–2.

122. Beer and Fiedler, i: 20, Cobenzl to Joseph II, 5 May 1780 NS.

123. Dimsdale, 57; Proschwitz, 196, C. to Gustav III, 10 Jul. 1783.

124. Grimm, 84, 2–4 Mar. 1778. See also, Parkinson, 27, 11 Nov. 1792.

125. ‘Dnevnik grafa Bobrinskago’, RA, Oct. 1877, 135, 23 Feb. 1782.

126. AKV, xxi: 264.

127. V. I. Piliavskii, Dzhakomo Kvarengi (Leningrad, 1981), 63, 73–4; Cross, 282, where the ownership of the estate is unidentified.

128. Corberon, ii: 330, 4 Sept. 1780 NS.

129. Grimm, 253, 15 Nov. 1782; Zavadovskii, 279, n.d. [Feb. 1783].

130. KfZh (1783), 59. Of these, 2640 were nobles and 490 merchants. 8170 tickets had been issued: 7100 to nobles and 1070 to merchants.

131. Grimm, 268, 3 Mar. 1783; KfZh (1783), 78–9.

132. Zavadovskii, 275, 25 Nov. 1782.

133. Harris Diaries, ii: 11–12.

134. Grimm, 274–5, 20 Apr. 1783.

135. Lopatin, 186, 16 Oct. 1783.

136. Grimm, 316–7, 7 July 1784.

137. Parkinson, 49–50; see also 45–6.

138. AKV, xxi: 284, n.

139. Alexander, 216–7, is misled by SIRIO, xxvi: 281, where Bezborodko’s letter to Potemkin, reporting that the funeral took place ‘yesterday’, is misdated 28 July 1784. The letter’s contents, and the collateral evidence of KfZh, place it at 28 June. Montefiore, 553, n. 3, unaccountably dates it 29 June, which invalidates his account of a funeral on 27 July, pp. 312–4.

140. KfZh (1784), 380.

141. SIRIO, xxvi: 281, Bezborodko to Potemkin [28 June 1784].

142. RS (Sept. 1879), 151, C. to U. Ia. Lanskaia, oddly dated 25 June rather than 26 June.

143. KfZh (1784), 382–4.

144. AKV, xxi: 462, E. Polianskaia to S. R. Vorontsov, 6 July 1784.

145. AKV, xxxi: 444, A. R. to S. R. Vorontsov, 21 July 1784.