Catherine the Great

63. AKV, xii: 35, P. V. Zavadovskii to A. R. Vorontsov, 8 Mar. 1787.

64. Segur, iii: 31.

65. Lettere, 166, 30 Jan 1787.

66. Lettere, 167, 6 Feb. 1787.

67. Zimmerman, 247, 22 Apr. 1787; V. S. Ikonnikov, ‘Kiev v 1654–1855 gg.’, Kievskaia starina (Sept. 1904), 273.

68. Quoted in L. Wolff, Inventing Eastern Europe, 127, 130.

69. Lettere, 175, 15 Mar. 1787.

70. Zimmerman, 247, 22 Apr. 1787.

71. Grimm, 393, 8 Feb. 1787; Khrapovitskii, 28, 20 Mar.; Montefiore, 357–62.

72. Khrapovitskii, 26, 22 Feb. 1787.

73. Archivo del General Miranda, Viajes: Diarios 1785–1787 (Caracas, 1929), ii: 256, 11 Feb. 1787.

74. Lettere, 170, 20 Feb. 1787; 175, 15 Mar.

75. Khrapovitskii, 24, 7 Feb. 1787. The abbess was the former Countess Anna Pavlovna Iaguzhinskaia.

76. Lettere, 169, 16 Feb. 1787.

77. Baedeker’s Russia 1914 (London, 1971 edn.), 381.

78. N. Ia. Ozeretskovskii, Puteshestvie po Rossii 1782–1783, ed. S. Kozlov (SPb, 1996), 135, diary, 12 June 1783; Archivo del General Miranda, ii: 259, 15 Feb. 1787.

79. KfZh (1787), appendix.

80. Ibneeva, Puteshestviia Ekateriny, 145–6.

81. SIRIO, 23: 396, 2 Apr. 1787; ibid., 703–5, ‘Vedomost’ o den’gakh, perevodimykh k statskomu sovetniku baronu Grimmu’.

82. Khrapovitskii, 25–32, 15 Feb.—21 Apr. 1787; I. Reyfman, Ritualized violence Russian style: The duel in Russian culture and literature (Stanford, CA, 1999), 52–3.

83. Khrapovitskii, 32, 16 Apr. 1787; Madariaga, Short History, 207–8.

84. Ibneeva, Puteshestviia Ekateriny, 140–4 (142).

85. Lettere, 179, 1 Apr. 1787; Khrapovitskii, 30, 4 Apr.

86. Bantysh-Kamenskii, Spiski, 159.

87. A. M. Panchenko, ‘Potemkinskie derevni kak kul’turnyi mif’, XVIII vek, 14 (1983), 93–104.

88. SIRIO, xv: 105, C. to Paul and Maria Fedorovna, 14 May 1787; Madariaga, 373. Kherson had actually been founded in 1778.

89. Ozeretskovskii, Puteshestvie, 131, diary, 22 May 1783.

90. O. I. Eliseeva, Geopoliticheskie proekty G. A. Potemkina (M, 2000), 191– 216.

91. Zorin, Kormia dvuglavogo orla, ch. 4; A. Schonle, ‘Garden of the Empire: Catherine’s appropriation of the Crimea’, Slavic Review, 60 (2001), 1–23.

92. S. Dickinson, ‘Russia’s First “Orient”: Characterizing the Crimea in 1787’, Kritika, 3 (2002), 22–4; Khrapovitskii, 28, 14 Mar. 1787.

93. Khrapovitskii, 38–9, 8 June 1787; 40, 21 June.

94. Papmehl, Metropolitan Platon, 48–9.

95. D. Smith, The Pearl: A true tale of forbidden love in Catherine the Great’s Russia (New Haven, CT, 2008), 75–84 (75).

96. Zimmerman, 251, 3 Dec. 1787.

97. Lopatin, 223, C. to Potemkin, 24 Aug. 1787; 229–30, Potemkin to C., 16 Sept; 232, Potemkin to C., 24 Sept; 238, C. to Potemkin, 2 Oct.; 240, C. to Potemkin, 9 Oct.

98. Alexander, 264, 269; Madariaga, 396–405; Lopatin, 329, 16 Dec. 1788.

99. Khrapovitskii, 215, 18 Dec. 1788.

100. Madariaga, 401.

101. Lopatin, 300, C. to Potemkin, 3 July 1788; 303, 17 July.

102. Madariaga 399–400, Montefiore, 360–1.

103. Khrapovitskii, 277, 21 Apr. 1789; Alexander, 219–21.

104. Lopatin, 355, C. to Potemkin, 29 June 1789.

105. Madariaga, 540–1.

106. Lopatin, 372, Potemkin to C., 22 Sept. 1789.

107. Lopatin, 379, C. to Potemkin, 18 Oct. 1789.

108. A. Iu. Andreev, Russkie studenty v nemetskikh universitetakh XVIII—pervoi poloviny XIX veka (M, 2005), 182–208.

109. Madariaga, 541–5; C.’s notes in A. N. Radishchev, A Journey from St Petersburg to Moscow, trans. L. Wiener, ed. R. P. Thaler (Cambridge, MA, 1958), 239–40, emphasis in the original.

Chapter 12

1. Khrapovitskii, 331, 3–4 May 1790; KfZh (1790), 217.

2. Khrapovitskii, 333, 23 May 1790.

3. KfZh (1790), 269; Zavadovskii, 329–30, 14 June 1790.

4. KfZh (1790), 301–2, 26 June 1790; Lopatin, 419, 28 June; Grimm, 493, 12 Sept.

5. Alexander, 281–2; Madariaga, 413–4; Lopatin, 426, 9 Aug. 1790.

6. Lopatin, 426, 9 Aug. 1790; KfZh (1790), 425–43; MP, iii: 83–4.

7. Runkevich, Aleksandro-Nevskaia Lavra, ii: 146; S. K. Batalden, Catherine II’s Greek Prelate: Eugenios Voulgaris in Russia, 1771–1806 (New York, 1982), 79–80 and passim.

8. Lopatin, 429, 29 Aug. 1790.

9. Stedingk, 21, 10 Oct. 1790 NS.

10. Khrapovitskii, 349, 1–5, 7 Oct. 1790.

11. Grimm, 500, 27 Sept. 1790.

12. Stedingk, 99, 17 Mar. 1791 NS; 23, 10 Oct 1790 NS.

13. Stedingk, 78, 8 Feb. 1791 NS; 33, 18/27 Oct. 1790.

14. Khrapovitskii, 350, 24 Oct. 1790.

15. Stedingk, 40, J. J. Jennings to G. de Franc, 13 Nov. 1790 NS.

16. KfZh (1790), 614.

17. Stedingk, 44–5, 26 Nov. 1790 NS.

18. SIRIO, xlii, 123–4; Stedingk, 45, 26 Nov. 1790 NS; Khrapovitskii, 350–1, 25, 29, 31 Oct., 1, 5, 6, 10 Nov. 1790.

19. Stedingk, 57–8, 29 Dec. 1790 NS.

20. V. S. Lopatin, Potemkin i Suvorov (M, 1992), 187–97; P. Longworth, The art of victory: The life and achievements of Field-Marshal Suvorov (London, 1965), 165–74.

21. Montefiore, 450 (Damas); A. V. Suvorov, Pis’ma, ed. V. S. Lopatin (M, 1986), 207, Suvorov to Potemkin, 11 Dec. 1790.

22. Montefiore, 580, n. 22; Stedingk, 65, 14 Jan. 1791 NS.

23. A. Zorin, ‘Redkaia veshch’: ‘sandunovskii skandal’ i russkii dvor vremen Frantsuzskoi revoliutsii’, Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 80 (2006), 91–110. See also, W. Rosslyn, ‘Petersburg