7. AFSBVO, Arkhivno-sledstvennoe delo N. A. Golovina; MSP, f. 3, op. 14, d. 3, l. 9.
8. AFSBVO, Arkhivno-sledstvennoe delo N. A. Golovina.
9. MSP, f. 3, op. 14, d. 3, l. 11.
10. Tragediia sovetskoi derevni: kollektivizatsiia i raskulachivanie. Dokumenty i materialy, 5 vols. (Moscow, 1999–2004), vol. 1, pp. 36, 148–50, 228–30, 742; Izvestiia TsK KPSS, 1991, no. 5, pp. 196–202.
11. Cited in M. Lewin, Russian Peasants and Soviet Power: A Study of Collectivization (London, 1968), p. 257.
12. R. Davies, The Soviet Economy in Turmoil, 1929–30 (London, 1989), pp. 198–9; Pravda, 1 September, 10 November, 1929.
13. Pravda, 7 November 1929; I. gStalin, Sochineniia, 13 vols. (Moscow, 1946–55), vol. 12, p. 174.
14. R. Davies, The Socialist Offensive: The Collectivization of Soviet Agriculture, 1929–1930 (London, 1980), p. 111; Tragediia sovetskoi derevni, vol. 1, pp. 702–10, 716–27; M. Hindus, Red Bread: Collectivization in a Russian Village (Bloomington, 1988), p. 246.
15. Davies, The Socialist Offensive, p. 218; V. Kravchenko, I Chose Freedom (New York, 1946), p. 91.
16. M. Vareikis, ‘O partiinom rukovodstve kolkhozam’, Na agrarnom fronte, 1929, no. 8, p. 65; Izvestiia, 19 April 1930; GARK, f. 3, op. 1, d. 2309, l. 6.
17. Davies, The Socialist Offensive, p. 198.
18. M. Fainsod, Smolensk Under Soviet Rule (Cambridge, Mass., 1958), p. 250.
19. R. Conquest, The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror-Famine (London, 1986), pp. 120–21; S. Fitzpatrick, Stalin’s Peasants: Resistance and Survival in the Russian Village After Collectivization (New York, 1994), pp. 54–5.
20. GAVO, f. 22, op. 1, d. 37, l. 41; GARK, f. 136, op. 1, d. 121, l. 153; MSP, f. 3, op. 14, d. 3, l. 75; Tragediia sovetskoi derevni, vol. 3, pp. 66–8.
21. MP, f. 4, op. 18, d. 2, l. 44.
22. Conquest, Harvest of Sorrow, p. 137; Tragediia sovetskoi derevni, vol. 3, p. 15; Lewin, Russian Peasants and Soviet Power, p. 508.
23. MP, f. 4, op. 18, d. 5, l. 15.
24. MP, f. 4, op. 7, d. 2, l. 39.
25. MP, f. 4, op. 5, d. 2, l. 30.
26. VFA, ‘Vospominaniia’, ms., p. 8; Komsomol’skaia pravda, 8 September 1989, p. 2.
27. LFA, ‘Roditeli’, p. 24.
28. A. Zverev, Zapiski ministra (Moscow, 1973), p. 54.
29. L. Kopelev, The Education of a True Believer (London, 1981), p. 235.
30. Tragediia sovetskoi derevni, vol. 1, pp. 8–9; R. Davies and S. Wheatcroft, The Years of Hunger: Soviet Agriculture, 1931–1933 (London, 2004), p. 451.
31. Davies, The Socialist Offensive, pp. 442–3; Tragediia sovetskoi derevni, vol. 3, pp. 8–9; Davies and Wheatcroft, The Years of Hunger, pp. 31, 37; Politbiuro i krest’ianstvo: vysylka, spetsposelenie 1930–1940, 2 vols. (Moscow, 2006), vol. 2, p. 43.
32. AFSBVO, Arkhivno-sledstvennoe delo N. A. Golovina; MSP, f. 3, op. 14, d. 2, ll. 82–101, 122–3; d. 3, ll. 11, 56–8.
33. Hindus, Red Bread, p. 142.
34. E. Foteeva, ‘Coping with Revolution: The Experience of Well-to-do Russian Families’, in D. Bertaux, P. Thompson and A. Rotkirch (eds.), On Living through Soviet Russia (London, 2004), p. 75.
35. Interviews with Olga Ramenskaia (nee Zapregaeva) and Galina Petrova, Strugi Krasnye (Pskov oblast), August 2003.
36. RGAE, f. 7486, op. 37, d. 101, ll. 61–2; M. Tauger, ‘The 1932 Harvest and the Soviet Famine of 1932–33’, Slavic Review, vol. 50, no. 1 (Spring 1991); Davies and Wheatcroft, The Years of Hunger, pp. 181–224, 411, 415; Conquest, Harvest of Sorrow, pp. 3, 196, 272–3, 441. The charge of genocide is also made by J. Mace, ‘The Man-Made Famine of 1933 in the Soviet Ukraine: What Happened and Why?’, in I. Charny (ed.), Toward the Understanding and Prevention of Genocide: Proceedings of the International Conference on the Holocaust and Genocide (Boulder, 1984), p. 67; and ‘Famine and Nationalism in Soviet Ukraine’, Problems of Communism, vol. 33, no. 3 (May–June 1984), p. 39.
37. For the link between the famine and the introduction of the passport system, in December 1932, see RGASPI, f. 81, op. 3, d. 93, ll. 24–5; f. 558, op. 11, d. 45, l. 109.
38. Fitzpatrick, Stalin’s Peasants, p. 80; Conquest, Harvest of Sorrow, p. 237.
39. G. Kessler, ‘The Passport System and State Control over Population Flows in the Soviet Union, 1932–1940’, Cahiers du Monde Russe, vol. 42, nos. 2–4 (2001), pp. 477–504; D. Shearer, ‘Social Disorder, Mass Repression and the NKVD during the 1930s’, Cahiers du Monde Russe, vol. 42, nos. 2–4 (2001), pp. 505, 519–20. See also D. Shearer, ‘Elements Near and Alien: Passportization, Policing, and Identity in the Stalinist State, 1932–1952’, Journal of Modern History, vol. 76 (December 2004), pp. 835–81.
40. Tragediia sovetskoi derevni, vol. 3, p. 63; A. Applebaum, Gulag: A History of the SovietCamps (London, 2003), p. 333; GARF, f. 5207, op. 3, d. 49, l. 190; f. 8131, op. 37, d. 137, l. 4.
41. L. Viola, ‘Tear the Evil From the Root: The Children of Spetspereselentsy of the North’, in N. Baschmakoff and P. Fryer (eds.), Modernization of the Russian Provinces, special issue of Studia Slavica Finlandensia, 17 (April 2000), pp. 4, 44, 48–9 (translation of quotation slightly changed for clarity), 51; Politbiuro i krest’ianstvo, p. 47. For more on the ‘special settlements’ see L. Viola, The Unknown Gulag: The Lost World of Stalin’s Special Settlements (Oxford, 2007); N. Werth, Cannibal Island: Death in a Siberian Gulag (Princeton, 2007).
