The Whisperers

81. K. Simonov, Sobranie sochinenii, 12 vols. (Moscow, 1979–87), vol. 12, p. 41.

82. Interview with Aleksei Simonov, Moscow, November 2003; RGALI, f. 1814, op. 1, d. 454, ll. 28–41.

83. Simonov, Glazami cheloveka moego pokoleniia, pp. 185–9.

84. See Gosudarstvennyi antisemitizm v SSSR: ot nachala do kul’minatsii, 1938–1953 (Moscow, 2005), pp. 27–61.

85. Borshchagovskii, Zapiski balovnia sud’by, p. 267.

86. MSP, f. 3, op. 37, d. 2, ll. 13, 52; I. Shikheeva-Gaister, Semeinaia khronika vremen kul’ta lichnosti: 1925–1953 (Moscow, 1998), pp. 72–3, 78–9, 257.

87. MM, f. 2, op. 5, d. 3; f. 12, op. 30, d. 2, l. 27.

88. Interviews with Mark Epshtein, St Petersburg, June and October 2003.

89. SLFA, various documents; interview with Fania Laskina, Moscow, June 2003; interview with Aleksei Simonov, Moscow, November 2003; RGALI, f. 1814, op. 9, d. 1533; RGASPI, f. 495, op. 199, d. 207 (Zaidler).

90. A. Simonov, Chastnaia kollektsiia (Nizhny Novgorod 1999), p. 61.

91. RGALI, f. 1814, op. 9, d. 1541, l. 36; d. 1770, l. 2.

92. Simonov, Chastnaia kollektsiia, pp. 59–61.

93. RGALI, f. 1814, op. 9, d. 2581.

94. Kostyrchenko, Tainaia politika Stalina, pp. 619–26.

95. Interviews with Fania Laskina, Moscow, June 2003, July 2004; interviews with Aleksei Simonov, Moscow, November 2003; SLFA, Iakov Kharon to Sonia Laskina, 8 March 1954; Yevgeniia to Sonia Laskina, 28 May 1954.

96. RGALI, f. 1814, op. 1, d. 454, l. 32; op. 10, d. 92, l. 37; RGASPI, f. 17, op. 133, d. 390, ll. 81–4; d. 389, ll. 158–63; interview with Lazar Lazarev, Moscow, November 2003. For evidence of Simonov’s authorship of the letter of 24 March see Nash sovremennik, 1999, no. 1, p. 206.

97. Simonov, Glazami cheloveka moego pokoleniia, pp. 189–204.

98. RGALI, f. 1814, op. 1, d. 802, l. 95.

99. RGASPI, f. 17, op. 119, d. 452, ll. 4–6; Simonov, Glazami cheloveka moego pokoleniia, pp. 220–22; Fink, Konstantin Simonov, p. 112.

100. Brent and Naukov, Stalin’s Last Crime, pp. 9, 129, 176, 184; SLFA, M. Laskin, ‘Vospominaniia’, ms., p. 86; Zubkova, Russia After the War, p. 137.

101. S. Sebag Montefiore, Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar (London, 2003), p. 568.

102. Simonov, Glazami cheloveka moego pokoleniia, pp. 223–7.

103. Ibid., p. 229.

104. RGALI, f, 1814, op. 4, d. 10, l. 5.

105. SLFA, M. Laskin, ‘Vospominaniia’, ms., pp. 87–8.

106. MP, f. 4, op. 2, d. 2, ll. 13, 30.

107. MP, f. 4, op. 23, d. 2, l. 15.

108. Mandelstam, Hope Abandoned, p. 385.

109. MM, f. 12, op. 9, d. 2, l. 67.

110. MP, f. 4, op. 11, d. 2, l. 46; op. 5, d. 2, l. 12.

111. MSP, f. 3, op. 4, d. 2, l. 31.

112. A. Knight, Beria: Stalin’s First Lieutenant (Princeton, 1993), p. 185; A. Lokshin, “‘Delo vrachei”: “Otkliki trudiashchikhsia”’, Vestnik evreiskogo universiteta v Moskve, 1994, no. 1, pp. 52– 62.

113. MSP, f. 3, op. 4, d. 2, ll. 43– 4.

114. Interview with Zinaida Belikova, St Petersburg, May 2003.

115. Shikheeva-Gaister, Semeinaia khronika, p. 175.

116. Sluzhili dva tovarishcha, p. 357; MM, f. 12, op. 30, d. 2, l. 22; O. Adamova-Sliuzberg, Put’ (Moscow, 2002), p. 201.

117. See Applebaum, Gulag, pp. 435–53.

118. A. Makarova, ‘Noril’skoe vosstanie. Mai-avgust 1953 goda’, ms.; Applebaum, Gulag, pp. 437, 440; MM, f. 12, op. 20, d. 2, ll. 74–5, 89, 91.

119. MM, f. 12, op. 20, d. 2, ll. 34, 48; f. 1, op. 1, d. 1925, ll. 11–30.

120. MM, f. 12, op. 20, d. 2, l. 92; MSP, f. 3, op. 8, d. 2, l. 18; d. 3, ll. 20–22; interview with Vasilina Dmitruk, Norilsk, July 2004.

121. On the similarly moderate demands of the uprising in the Kengir division of the Steplag special camp in Kazakhstan in May–June 1954 see S. Barnes, “‘In a Manner Befitting Soviet Citizens”: An Uprising in the Post-Stalin Gulag’, Slavic Review, vol. 64, no. 4 (Winter 2005), pp. 823–50.

122. MM, f. 12, op. 20, d. 2, ll. 98, 101.

123. Istoriia stalinskogo gulaga: konets 1920-kh–pervaia polovina 1950-kh godov. Sobranie dokumentov v semi tomakh, vol. 6, Vosstaniia, bunty i zabastovski zakliuchennykh (Moscow, 2004), pp. 320–413;